Psychology 2

False

When problems assault us, irrational beliefs help diminish their effect

True

In rational emotive behavior therapy, Albert Ellis pointed out that our beliefs about events, not just the events themselves, shape our responses to them

Some of them considered academic success to be stressful

Peggy Blake and her colleagues constructed a scale of life change units to measure the impact of life changes among college students. Surveys with students revealed that

The pressure to conform

In the experiment on social influence conducted by Solomon Asch, the discomfort faced by the participants in the study was caused by

True

In the context of stressors, Albert Ellis referred to situations such as losing a job as an activating event

False

In the context of the alarm reaction once a threat is removed the body returns to a higher state of arousal

conformity

In the early 1950s, a classic experiment on ______ was conducted by Solomon Asch

True

Physical needs give rise to drives like hunger and thirst

True

Psychological states such as anxiety and depression can impair the functioning of the immune system

True

Psychotherapy is based on research in areas such as personality, learning, motivation, and emotion

False

Psychotherapy is used to exclusively treat people with severe psychological disorders

True

Research suggests that brain levels of the neurotransmitter dopamine tend to be higher in introverts than in extraverts

True

Research suggests that people who have reported greater feelings of happiness and well-being are likely to score more highly than other people on scales that measure emotional stability, agreeableness, conscientiousness and extraversion

True

While conducting studies about the immune system's response to the Epstein-Barr virus during the stress of exams, it was found that students who were lonely showed greater suppression of the immune system than students who had more social support

False

The loss of memory in a person with dissociative amnesia can be attributed to organic problems such as a blow to the head or alcoholic intoxication

False

The sole purpose of Solomon Asch's study in the early 1950s was to examine the effects of social facilitation

True

Experimentation is the gold standard for research in psychology

True

Gestalt therapy assumes that people disown parts of themselves that might meet with social disapproval or rejection

True

Groupthink can be averted if group leaders encourage members to remain skeptical about options and to feel free to ask probing questions and disagree with one another

False

Elevated blood pressure is a psychological symptom of anxiety disorders

True

Hippocrates suggested that psychological disorders are caused by brain abnormalities

False

Jane is working overtime to exceed her sales targets so that she gets a higher income. The higher income, in the scenario is an intrinsic reward

True

Jenna has not eaten in eight hours. She experiences hunger. According to the drive-reduction theory, Jenna is experiencing a primary drive

False

Unhealthy stress is referred to as eustress

Hyperphagic

A(n) ______ rat is characterized by excessive eating

True

Aaron Beck's methods of cognitive therapy focus on arguing clients out of beliefs that are making them miserable and exposing them to situations they avoid because of irrational fear

Resistance

According to Selye's theory if the alarm reaction mobilized the body and the related stressor is not removed, we enter the _____ stage of the general adaptation syndrome GAS This stage precedes the last stage of the GAS

True

According to the biological views on the origins of psychological disorders humans are genetically predisposed to fear stimuli that may have posed a threat to their ancestors

False

According to the general adaptation syndrome in the resistance stage, levels of endocrine and sympathetic activity are higher than in the alarm reaction stage

observation of other people acting aggressively

According to the social-cognitive perspective, aggressive skills are mainly acquired by

False

Adoptee studies show that adoptive parents with anxiety disorders place their children at greater risk for anxiety and related traits as compared to biological parents

False

Attitude formation is a fully mechanical process

True

Carl Rogers believed that we all have unique frames of reference

False

Client-centered therapists focus on telling clients what to do, instead of helping them arrive at their own decisions

False

Fraternal twins are much more likely to both have anxiety disorder than identical twins

True

Freud believed that children encounter conflict during each stage of psychosexual development

True

In cultures that view the self as independent, people tend to make dispositional attributions

False

In generalized dissociative amnesia people forget particular traumatic instances of their lives but not their entire lives

False

In modern psychodynamic therapies, there is more focus on the id and less emphasis on the ego

True

In psychoanalysis , the tendency to block the free expression of impulses and primitive ideas is referred to as transference

False

In the approach-avoidance conflict, each of two goals is desirable and both are within reach

True

Men produce 7 to 10 times the testosterone produced by women

Polarization

Norbert, a musician, wanted to produce his own solo album under a budget of $50,000. However, when he changed the project into a group album with his bandmates, Norbert escalated the budget to $200,000. In this scenario, Norbert is displaying a group effect known as ______

True

Obsessions are so compelling and recurrent that they disrupt daily life

True

On average gay males tend to be somewhat feminine and lesbians to be somewhat masculine

True

People with body dysmorphic disorder have dual personalities

True

People with delusional disorder hold persistent delusional beliefs that sound plausible and are never bizarre

Approach-Approach Conflict

Sam wants to be a clinical psychologist. He has been accepted at two different graduate schools. Both schools are equally prestigious and will provide him with an outstanding education. However he is finding it difficult to choose between the two. According to Neal E. Miller, this type of conflict is known as a(n)

False

Stimulus motives provide an evolutionary disadvantage

True

Stress and pathogens interact to influence the immune system

True

Stress elevates blood levels of cortisol and adrenaline(epinephrine) and heightens the probability that a dormant Epstein-Barr virus will be reactivated

True

Strong attitudes are more likely to determine behavior than weak attitudes

Hypothalamus

The ______ is a pea-sized structure in the brain that is involved in many aspects of motivation, including sex, aggression, and hunger

True

Alfred Adler believed that people are motivated by the collective unconscious

Multiple-Approach Avoidance Conflict

After returning from work, Greg contemplates whether he should stay at home or exercise at the gym. He wants to stay at home because he likes to relax, but feels guilty about not getting enough exercise. He knows that if he goes to the gym, he will be glad that he is exercising, but unhappy because he does not enjoy the activity. According to Neal E. Miller this is an example of a(n)

False

Altruism is a form of discrimination

False

Inflammation decreases blood circulation to parts of the body that are injured

True

Irrational beliefs can lessen an individual's emotional reaction to loss and enhance coping ability

False

Joshua wants to do well in academics to get his parents approval and appreciation. This is an example of a physiological need

Exhaustion Stage

Which of the following is one of Selye's three stages in the general adaptation syndrome

True

With behavior-rating scales trained observers usually check off each occurence of a specific behavior within a certain time frame

physical appearance

________ is a factor that contribution to attraction

Biological Factors

________ such as pathogens, injuries, age, gender, and a family history of disease may strike us as the most obvious causes of illness

The group tends to adopt the decision that reflects the first shift in opinion expressed by any group member

In the context of group decision making, which of the following is true of the majority-wins scheme?

False

In the context of humanistic therapies, client-centered therapy is directive in nature

Resolution

The ______ is the final phase of the sexual response cycle

True

In the case of cardiovascular problems and cancer, genes create predispositions toward the health problems

True

In the context of Native Americans, loss of cultural identity and social disorganization have set the stage for problems such as alcoholism

True

In the context of changing attitudes through persuasion, fear appeals are most effective when the audience believes that the risks are insignificant

True

In the context of posttraumatic stress disorder women who are more likely than men to ruminate about stressors were more likely than men to report difficulty falling asleep

False

In the context of stereotyping, attractive children and adults are judged and treated more negatively than their unattractive peers

False

Like psychoanalysis, Gestalt therapy focuses on the here and now

True

Prejudice involves stereotyping

False

Psychological needs are always based on states of deprivation

False

The belief that one is in control of a panic attack heightens anxiety

True

The fundamental attribution error is the tendency to attribute others' behaviors to situations, not their dispositions

True

The preconscious mind contains ideas that are out of awareness but can be made conscious by focusing on them