Psychology 2
False
When problems assault us, irrational beliefs help diminish their effect
True
In rational emotive behavior therapy, Albert Ellis pointed out that our beliefs about events, not just the events themselves, shape our responses to them
Some of them considered academic success to be stressful
Peggy Blake and her colleagues constructed a scale of life change units to measure the impact of life changes among college students. Surveys with students revealed that
The pressure to conform
In the experiment on social influence conducted by Solomon Asch, the discomfort faced by the participants in the study was caused by
True
In the context of stressors, Albert Ellis referred to situations such as losing a job as an activating event
False
In the context of the alarm reaction once a threat is removed the body returns to a higher state of arousal
conformity
In the early 1950s, a classic experiment on ______ was conducted by Solomon Asch
True
Physical needs give rise to drives like hunger and thirst
True
Psychological states such as anxiety and depression can impair the functioning of the immune system
True
Psychotherapy is based on research in areas such as personality, learning, motivation, and emotion
False
Psychotherapy is used to exclusively treat people with severe psychological disorders
True
Research suggests that brain levels of the neurotransmitter dopamine tend to be higher in introverts than in extraverts
True
Research suggests that people who have reported greater feelings of happiness and well-being are likely to score more highly than other people on scales that measure emotional stability, agreeableness, conscientiousness and extraversion
True
While conducting studies about the immune system's response to the Epstein-Barr virus during the stress of exams, it was found that students who were lonely showed greater suppression of the immune system than students who had more social support
False
The loss of memory in a person with dissociative amnesia can be attributed to organic problems such as a blow to the head or alcoholic intoxication
False
The sole purpose of Solomon Asch's study in the early 1950s was to examine the effects of social facilitation
True
Experimentation is the gold standard for research in psychology
True
Gestalt therapy assumes that people disown parts of themselves that might meet with social disapproval or rejection
True
Groupthink can be averted if group leaders encourage members to remain skeptical about options and to feel free to ask probing questions and disagree with one another
False
Elevated blood pressure is a psychological symptom of anxiety disorders
True
Hippocrates suggested that psychological disorders are caused by brain abnormalities
False
Jane is working overtime to exceed her sales targets so that she gets a higher income. The higher income, in the scenario is an intrinsic reward
True
Jenna has not eaten in eight hours. She experiences hunger. According to the drive-reduction theory, Jenna is experiencing a primary drive
False
Unhealthy stress is referred to as eustress
Hyperphagic
A(n) ______ rat is characterized by excessive eating
True
Aaron Beck's methods of cognitive therapy focus on arguing clients out of beliefs that are making them miserable and exposing them to situations they avoid because of irrational fear
Resistance
According to Selye's theory if the alarm reaction mobilized the body and the related stressor is not removed, we enter the _____ stage of the general adaptation syndrome GAS This stage precedes the last stage of the GAS
True
According to the biological views on the origins of psychological disorders humans are genetically predisposed to fear stimuli that may have posed a threat to their ancestors
False
According to the general adaptation syndrome in the resistance stage, levels of endocrine and sympathetic activity are higher than in the alarm reaction stage
observation of other people acting aggressively
According to the social-cognitive perspective, aggressive skills are mainly acquired by
False
Adoptee studies show that adoptive parents with anxiety disorders place their children at greater risk for anxiety and related traits as compared to biological parents
False
Attitude formation is a fully mechanical process
True
Carl Rogers believed that we all have unique frames of reference
False
Client-centered therapists focus on telling clients what to do, instead of helping them arrive at their own decisions
False
Fraternal twins are much more likely to both have anxiety disorder than identical twins
True
Freud believed that children encounter conflict during each stage of psychosexual development
True
In cultures that view the self as independent, people tend to make dispositional attributions
False
In generalized dissociative amnesia people forget particular traumatic instances of their lives but not their entire lives
False
In modern psychodynamic therapies, there is more focus on the id and less emphasis on the ego
True
In psychoanalysis , the tendency to block the free expression of impulses and primitive ideas is referred to as transference
False
In the approach-avoidance conflict, each of two goals is desirable and both are within reach
True
Men produce 7 to 10 times the testosterone produced by women
Polarization
Norbert, a musician, wanted to produce his own solo album under a budget of $50,000. However, when he changed the project into a group album with his bandmates, Norbert escalated the budget to $200,000. In this scenario, Norbert is displaying a group effect known as ______
True
Obsessions are so compelling and recurrent that they disrupt daily life
True
On average gay males tend to be somewhat feminine and lesbians to be somewhat masculine
True
People with body dysmorphic disorder have dual personalities
True
People with delusional disorder hold persistent delusional beliefs that sound plausible and are never bizarre
Approach-Approach Conflict
Sam wants to be a clinical psychologist. He has been accepted at two different graduate schools. Both schools are equally prestigious and will provide him with an outstanding education. However he is finding it difficult to choose between the two. According to Neal E. Miller, this type of conflict is known as a(n)
False
Stimulus motives provide an evolutionary disadvantage
True
Stress and pathogens interact to influence the immune system
True
Stress elevates blood levels of cortisol and adrenaline(epinephrine) and heightens the probability that a dormant Epstein-Barr virus will be reactivated
True
Strong attitudes are more likely to determine behavior than weak attitudes
Hypothalamus
The ______ is a pea-sized structure in the brain that is involved in many aspects of motivation, including sex, aggression, and hunger
True
Alfred Adler believed that people are motivated by the collective unconscious
Multiple-Approach Avoidance Conflict
After returning from work, Greg contemplates whether he should stay at home or exercise at the gym. He wants to stay at home because he likes to relax, but feels guilty about not getting enough exercise. He knows that if he goes to the gym, he will be glad that he is exercising, but unhappy because he does not enjoy the activity. According to Neal E. Miller this is an example of a(n)
False
Altruism is a form of discrimination
False
Inflammation decreases blood circulation to parts of the body that are injured
True
Irrational beliefs can lessen an individual's emotional reaction to loss and enhance coping ability
False
Joshua wants to do well in academics to get his parents approval and appreciation. This is an example of a physiological need
Exhaustion Stage
Which of the following is one of Selye's three stages in the general adaptation syndrome
True
With behavior-rating scales trained observers usually check off each occurence of a specific behavior within a certain time frame
physical appearance
________ is a factor that contribution to attraction
Biological Factors
________ such as pathogens, injuries, age, gender, and a family history of disease may strike us as the most obvious causes of illness
The group tends to adopt the decision that reflects the first shift in opinion expressed by any group member
In the context of group decision making, which of the following is true of the majority-wins scheme?
False
In the context of humanistic therapies, client-centered therapy is directive in nature
Resolution
The ______ is the final phase of the sexual response cycle
True
In the case of cardiovascular problems and cancer, genes create predispositions toward the health problems
True
In the context of Native Americans, loss of cultural identity and social disorganization have set the stage for problems such as alcoholism
True
In the context of changing attitudes through persuasion, fear appeals are most effective when the audience believes that the risks are insignificant
True
In the context of posttraumatic stress disorder women who are more likely than men to ruminate about stressors were more likely than men to report difficulty falling asleep
False
In the context of stereotyping, attractive children and adults are judged and treated more negatively than their unattractive peers
False
Like psychoanalysis, Gestalt therapy focuses on the here and now
True
Prejudice involves stereotyping
False
Psychological needs are always based on states of deprivation
False
The belief that one is in control of a panic attack heightens anxiety
True
The fundamental attribution error is the tendency to attribute others' behaviors to situations, not their dispositions
True
The preconscious mind contains ideas that are out of awareness but can be made conscious by focusing on them