Psychology 2301- Test 2

Suppose you are watching a movie on a large screen. For a fraction of a second, the words "Drink Cola" flash on the screen. You do not perceive the words "Drink Cola" because it is beyond your absolute threshold. In this example, the message "Drink Cola" is an example of ________.

A subliminal message

The ______ wave is characteristic of stage 1 sleep.

Alpha

Obstructive sleep apnea occurs when _________.

An individual's airway becomes blocked during sleep.

What kind of processing is exemplified by the following scenario: Esther's mother offers her a new dish she's been working on- a raisin-jalapeno quiche. Esther's body responds first: Esther eyes the content of the skillet, and smells the mix of raisins, jalapenos, and eggs. Her stomach churns and she looks away. Feeling disgust and disappointment, she says, "I'm not hungry."

Bottom-up processing

Most people are awake during the day and asleep at night because their __________ cycles are aligned with the outside world.

Circadian

The sleep cycle is an example of a(n) ________ rhythm.

Circadian

Alcohol is considered a _________ because it tends to suppress central nervous system activity.

Depressant

What is described by the concept of perception?

I don't know

In a __________ dream, people become aware they are dreaming and can control the dreams content.

Lucid

Derek wants to win the student of the year award so badly that when the name of the award winner is announced, he is convinced that he hears his name. He stands up and begins to leave the aisle when his friend grabs his hand. Someone else won the award. This illustrates how ________can affect perception.

Motivation

Samek was driving to work when he suddenly felt paralyzed and couldn't resist falling asleep. Samek may have ________.

Narcolepsy

Morphine is considered a(n) _________ drug because it decreases pain.

Opioid

Mohammed is sleeping. His eyelids are quivering because his eyes are darting around. Mohammed is probably experiencing ________ sleep.

REM

Which theorist described dreams as having manifest and latent content?

Sigmund Freud

Which state is marked by relatively low levels of physical activity and reduced sensory awareness that is distinct from periods of rest while awake?

Sleep

In what stage of sleep do sleep spindles appear?

Stage 2

Cocaine is considered a ________ drug because it tends to increase overall levels of neural activity.

Stimulant

Victoria has accumulated a large sleep debt. This means that she ________.

Suffers from chronic sleep deprivation

Tayla smokes marijuana. At first, just a few inhalations were enough to cloud her mind. Over time, she needs to smoke more and more to achieve the same affect. This is an example of ________.

Tolerance

Which type of processing involves the interpretation of sensationsand is influenced by available knowledge, experiences, and thoughts?

Top-down

Your ears receive sound waves and convert this energy into neural messages that travel to your brain and are processed as sounds. This is an example of ________.

Transduction

A theta wave is a type of ________.

low frequency, low amplitude brain wave

NREM sleep is a period of sleep ________.

outside periods of REM sleep

Ali is aware of his feelings, emotions, and thoughts. He is also aware of his surroundings, the warmth of the sun, and the sound of nearby traffic. Ali is in a state of ________.

Consciousness

Individuals undergoing hypnosis ________.

usually have clear memories of the hypnotic experience and are in control of their own behaviors