psychology 5
primary appraisal
initial decision regarding whether an event is harmful
hoover medal
is an American engineering prize.
secondary appraisal
perceptions regarding our ability to cope with an event that follows primary appraisal
Lilian Gilbreth
strove to find ways to increase production, studied efficiency improvements that reduced the # of motions required to perform a task / were applicable. created refrigerator shelves and trash can with peddle to open it.was the first woman to join the American Society of Mechanical Engineers in 1926, and in 1966 she was awarded the Hoover Medal of the American Society of Civil Engineers.
industrial efficiency
the ability of an industry to produce goods cheaply so that they can be sold at a low price and still make a profitThe result could be a more efficient use of resources in Japan, which would improve the country's industrial efficiency.
social support
the aid gained through interacting with others
industrial-organizational psychology
the application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces
Meditation
the focusing of attention to clear one's mind and produce relaxation
Job Analysis
the process of getting detailed information about jobs
positive psychology
the scientific study of optimal human functioning; aims to discover and promote strengths and virtues that enable individuals and communities to thrive
coping
alleviating stress using emotional, cognitive, or behavioral methods
Hans Selye
(1907-1982) Psychologist who researched a recurring response to stress that he called the general adaptation syndrome
Principles of Scientific Management
1. Scientifically study each part of the task 2. Carefully select workers with the right abilities 3. Give workers the training and incentives to do the task 4. Use scientific principles to plan the work methods
Eustress
A positive stress that energizes a person and helps a person reach a goal
APA
American Psychological Association. The APA is a professional association in the United States for clinical and research psychologists. Today the APA performs a number of functions including holding conferences, accrediting university degree programs, and publishing scientific journals.
stressor
Anything that causes stress
psychology corporation
Cattell's contribution to industrial psychology is largely reflected in his founding of a psychological consulting company, which is still operating today called the Psychological Corporation, and in the accomplishments of students at Columbia in the area of industrial psychology.
wundt's students
Cattell, Münsterberg, and Scott had been students of Wilhelm Wundt, the father of experimental psychology.
immutable characteristics
Characteristics determined at birth or characteristics individuals should not be asked to change
psychology efficiency
Discusses how human labor can be made efficient leading to an efficiency industry. ... An efficiency program must include speed, skill, freedom, give extrinsic rewards and help the workers to move towards self development
US EEOC
The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) is responsible for enforcing federal laws that make it illegal to discriminate against a job applicant or an employee because of the person's race, color, religion, sex (including pregnancy), national origin, age (40 or older), disability, or genetic information.
mentoring
a work relationship that encourages development and career enhancement for people moving through the career cycle
world wars and IO psych
World War II also drove the expansion of industrial psychology. In the years after the war, both industrial psychology and organizational psychology became areas of significant research effort. Concerns about the fairness of employment tests arose, and the ethnic and gender biases in various tests were evaluated with mixed results. In addition, a great deal of research went into studying job satisfaction and employee motivation
job specification
describes the minimum qualifications a person must have to perform the job successfully
Wilhem Wundt (1832-1920)
founder of psychology
industrial organization psychology emergence
grew rapidly after World War I and even more so after World War II. ... Some I-O psychologists develop methods for personnel selection and training, while others analyze managers' styles and effectiveness or study ways to improve workplace morale, job satisfaction, and productivity.
Hugo Münsterberg (1863-1916)
was a German-American psychologist.He was one of the pioneers in applied psychology, extending his research and theories to industrial/organizational, legal, medical, clinical, educational and business settings. Münsterberg encountered immense turmoil with the outbreak of the First World War.published Psychology and Industrial Efficiency, which covered topics such as employee selection, employee training, and effective advertising.
Walter Dill Scott (1869-1955)
was one of the first psychologists to apply psychology to advertising, management, and personnel selection. In 1903, Scott published two books: The Theory of Advertising and Psychology of Advertising. They are the first books to describe the use of psychology in the business world. By 1911 he published two more books, Influencing Men in Business and Increasing Human Efficiency in Business. In 1916 a newly formed division in the Carnegie Institute of Technology hired Scott to conduct applied research on employee selection (Katzell & Austin, 1992).
James Cattell (1860-1944)
was the first professor of psychology in the United States, teaching at the University of Pennsylvania, and long-time editor and publisher of scientific journals and publications, most notably the journal Science. One of Wundt's students.
