Psychology ch. 4-7 study guide
Dissociative
________ amnesia is the loss of memory of personal information that is thought to stem from psychological conflict or trauma.
Role theory
________ explains hypnotic events in terms of a person's ability to act as though they weren't hypnotized.
Algorithms
________ invariably lead to solutions if they are used properly.
extension
________ is the process by which stimuli lose their ability to evoke learned responses because the events that had followed the stimuli no longer occur.
Explicit
________ memory is the memory of things that are clearly stated explain.
Prospective
________ memory is the memory to perform an act in the future at a certain time
infantile amnesia
_________ is the inability to recall events that occur prior to the age of three or so.
Semantically
_________ is the quality of language in which words are used are symbols for objects, events, and ideas.
Serial position effect
_________ is the tendency to recall more accurately the first and last items in a series.
Contingency theory
_________ is the view that learning occurs when stimuli provide information about the likelihood of the occurrence of the other stimuli.
Heuristics
_________ permits more rapid solution is that algorithms.
Narcolepsy
_________ refers to buy sleep attack in which a person falls asleep suddenly and irresistibly.
Retrograde
__________ amnesia is the failure to remember events that occurred prior to physical trauma because of the facts of the trauma.
Creativity
__________ is the ability generate novel and useful solutions to problems.
Transcendental Meditation
__________ is the simplified form of meditation used as a method for coping with stress.
Tip-of-the-tongue
__________ phenomenon is the feeling that information is stored in memory although it cannot be readily retrieved.
Practical
___________ intelligence enables people to deal with other people and to meet the demands of their environment.
Heart disease
Between side effects include cancer, __________, and lung and respiratory diseases.
Operant conditioning
Biofeedback training, behavior modification, and program learning are all applications of ________.
Neurological
Children bring __________ prewiring to language learning in the nativists theory of language development.
Proto type
Children's ________ become a find after they are shown positive and negative instances and give an explanations.
Stimulant
Cocaine is a _______.
Art
Creative people appreciate _______ and music.
Auditory
Echoes are mental representations of an_______ stimulus that are held briefly in sensory memory.
Autobiographical
Episodic memories also referred to as _________ memory.
Semantic
General knowledge is referred to as ________ memory.
Procedural
Implicit memories involve methods and skills and also referred to as ______ memories.
Repression
In Freud's psychodynamic theory, ______ is the injection of anxiety evoking ideas from conscious awareness.
Insight
In Gestalt psychology, _______ as I said perception of relationships among elements of the mentally represented elements of a problem that permits its solution.
Convergent
In _______ thinking, thought is limited to present facts to find the best solution.
Spontaneous
In classical conditioning ______ recovery helps the organisms adapt to situations that reoccur from time to time.
Flooding
In the context of behavior therapy methods _______ involves continuous exposure to fear-evoking stimuli.
Negative punishment
In the context of classical conditioning, the removal of a pleasant stimulus is known as _______.
Vertex
In the context of classical conditioning, the term ______ is a simple unlearned response to a stimulus
Divergent thinking
In the context of creativity and intelligence, ___________ help generate many possible solutions.
Serial processing
In the context of problem-solving, _________ processing involves handling one element of the problem at a time.
Neurons system
In the context of the nativist approach to language development, the LAD prepares the ________ to learn grammar.
Hidden
Latent learning is learning that _______ or concealed.
Rehearsal
Maintenance _______ involves mentally repeating a list or saying the information to oneself.
Altered
Meditation is an ______ state of consciousness.
Retrospective
Memories for past events, activities, as shown by explicit and implicit memories fall under the category of _______ memory.
Neurons
Mirror _______ allows us to anticipate other people's intentions when they reach for things.
Hypnosis
Modern ________ evolves from the idea of Franz Mesmer.
Attitude
Moods and _______ affect prospective memory.
Aggression
Most organizations of health professionals agree that media violence contributes to ________ among people.
Barbiturates
Nembutal is classified as a ________.
rapid eye movement (REM) sleep
Nightmares, like most pleasant dreams, are products of ________.
Sensory
No unconscious processes cannot be experience through ________ awareness or direct inner awareness.
Sleep apnea
Obstruction of air passages is symptomatic of _________.
Insomnia
Older adult are more likely than younger adults to have _______ because of greater incidence of poor health and pain.
Neurotransmitters
Opiate stop the production of _______ in the brain.
Narcotics
Opiates are a group of _______ derived from the opium poppy that provides a horrific depress the nervous system.
Irregular verbs
Over regular station is the application of regular grammatical rules for forming inflections to__________ and nouns.
Conditional
Pavlov train dogs to salivate when he sounded a tone or a bell. Pavlov termed these trained salivary responses _______ reflexes.
Hypnotic
People Who are easily Hypnotizer said to have ________ suggestibility.
Bio-feedback training
People learning to emit alpha waves through Feedback from an electroencephalograph is
Stress
People need more sleep when they're under _____.
Several hundred
People sleep apnea stop breathing periodically, up to ________ times per night.
Material
Preconscious refers to _______ that is not in awareness but can't be brought into awareness by focusing.
Biological
Primary reinforcers are effective because of an organisms _____ make up.
Media violence
Repeated exposure to media violence may decrease viewers sensitivity with real violence.
Suppression
Repression is an unconscious process, whereas, _________ is a conscious process.
Consciousness
Retrieval of stored information means locating it and returning it to ______.
New learning
Retroactive active is the interference of ________ with the ability to retrieve material learned previously.
Stimulus
Sensory memory is the type or stage of memory that is first encountered by a _______.
Behavioral
Shaping reinforces progressive steps toward the ______ goal.
Paralysis
Sleep _________ May accompany narcolepsy and is characterized by the collapse of muscle groups or the entire body.
Nightmares
Sleep terrors usually occur during the first to sleep cycles of the night, where as ________ are more likely to occur toward morning.
Academic
Studies support the view that children's early environment is going to _________ achievements.
Avoid
Taste aversions motivates organisms to _______ harmful foods.
Behavior modification
Teachers can learn to use behavior _______ to reinforce children when they are behaving appropriately.
Wechsler scale
The _______ groups test questions into a number of separate subject tests were each sub test measures a different intellectual task.
Hallucinogens
The _______ hashish is derived from the resin of that cannabis sativa plant.
Lunguistic relativity
The __________ hypothesis is the view that language structures the way we view the world.
New info
The appearance of _____ a short term memory this place is the old information
Four
The first _______ sleep stages are considered non-rapid eye movement sleep.
Automatic
The following statement is true of classical conditioning, it is voluntarily ________ learning.
Proactive learning
The interference by old learning with the ability to retrieve material learned recently is known as ________.
Direct inner awareness
The knowledge of one's own thoughts, feelings, and memories without the use of the sensory organ is known as ______.
Over extinction
The language development, over inclusion of instances is a category labeled _______.
Goal
The means-end analysis is a heuristic device in which we try to solve problems by evaluating the difference between the current situation in the ______.
Biological preparedness
The readiness to acquire a certain kind of condition response due to the biological make up of the organism is known as ________.
Saccadic eye
The series of affixation that we perceive as visual sensations seem continuous or stream like because of ______ movement.
Insensitive
The short term consequences of behavior often provide more of an ______ then a long-term consequence.
Law of affect
Thorndike's ________ States that Pleasant stamps in responses and unpleasant events stamp them out.
Overconfidence
We work to bring about the events we believe in causing _________.
Fixed internal schedule
With a _______ an organisms response rate falls off after each reinforcement and then picks up again as the time when reinforcement will occur approaches.
Thinking
____ refers to conscious planned attempt to make sense of and change the world.
Nicotine
_____ stimulates the release of neurotransmitters.
Program
______ Learning reinforces correct responses.
Punishment
______ can rapidly suppress desirable behavior.
Encoding
______ is the first stage of information processing.
Tolerance
______ is the habituation to a drug with the result of increasingly higher doses of the drugs are needed.
Alcohol
______ is the most abused drug America.
Memory
______ is the process by which information is encoded, stored, and retrieved.
Episodic
______ memory are memories of events that happen to a person or that takes place in a persons present.
Implicit
_______ Memory is suggested but not plainly expressed, as illustrated in the things that people do but do not state clearly.
Reinforces
_______ are defined as stimuli that increase the frequency of behavior.
Short term
_______ memory can hold information up to a minute or so after the trace of the stimulus decays.
Selective attention
_______ refers to focusing one's consciousness on a particular stimulus.
Heroin
_______ was once used as a cure for addiction to morphine.
Babbling
Babies' __________ frequently can bands consonants and vowels and prelinguistic vocalizations.
Physical trauma
Anterograde amnesia is the failure to remember the events that occurred after a ________.
Operant behavior
B.F. Skinner taught pigeons to engage in behavior that manipulates the environment. This behavior is _______.
24 hours
A carcadian rhythm is a cycle that is connected with the _______ period of the Earth's rotation.
Icon
A(n) ______ is a mental representation of a visual stimulus that is held briefly in a sensory memory.
Analogy
A(n) ______ is a partial similarity among things that are different in other ways.
Orienting
A(n) ______ reflex refers to an unlearned response in which organism attends to a stimulus.
Chunk
A(n) _______ is a stimulus or group of stimuli that are perceived as a discrete piece of information.
Schema
A(n) ________ is a way of mentally representing the world such as a believe or an expectation which can influence perception of persons, objects, and situations.
Negative
A(n) ________ reinforcer will increase the probability that a behavior will occur when they are removed.
Mental age
A(n) ________ shows the intellectual level at which a child is functioning.
Holophrase
A(n) _________ is a single word used by children to express complex meanings.
Language
A(n) _________ is a system of symbols along with rules that are used to manipulate the symbols.
Mental set
A(n) __________ is the tendency to respond to a new problem with the same approach that help solve similar problems.
Primary mental abilities
According to Louis Thurstone, _________ are the eight specific factors that make up intelligence.
Psycholinguistic
According to ________ theory environmental influences affect language acquisition.
Observation learning
According to _________, when we see model behavior being reinforced, we are vicariously reinforce.
Carcadian Rhythm
Alternating periods of wakefulness and sleep reflect an internally generated ________.
Euphoric rush
Amphetamines provide a _______ when consumed and high doses.
Intelligence
Analytical _________ includes problem solving skills such as encoding information in generating a solution.