Psychology ch. 4-7 study guide

Dissociative

________ amnesia is the loss of memory of personal information that is thought to stem from psychological conflict or trauma.

Role theory

________ explains hypnotic events in terms of a person's ability to act as though they weren't hypnotized.

Algorithms

________ invariably lead to solutions if they are used properly.

extension

________ is the process by which stimuli lose their ability to evoke learned responses because the events that had followed the stimuli no longer occur.

Explicit

________ memory is the memory of things that are clearly stated explain.

Prospective

________ memory is the memory to perform an act in the future at a certain time

infantile amnesia

_________ is the inability to recall events that occur prior to the age of three or so.

Semantically

_________ is the quality of language in which words are used are symbols for objects, events, and ideas.

Serial position effect

_________ is the tendency to recall more accurately the first and last items in a series.

Contingency theory

_________ is the view that learning occurs when stimuli provide information about the likelihood of the occurrence of the other stimuli.

Heuristics

_________ permits more rapid solution is that algorithms.

Narcolepsy

_________ refers to buy sleep attack in which a person falls asleep suddenly and irresistibly.

Retrograde

__________ amnesia is the failure to remember events that occurred prior to physical trauma because of the facts of the trauma.

Creativity

__________ is the ability generate novel and useful solutions to problems.

Transcendental Meditation

__________ is the simplified form of meditation used as a method for coping with stress.

Tip-of-the-tongue

__________ phenomenon is the feeling that information is stored in memory although it cannot be readily retrieved.

Practical

___________ intelligence enables people to deal with other people and to meet the demands of their environment.

Heart disease

Between side effects include cancer, __________, and lung and respiratory diseases.

Operant conditioning

Biofeedback training, behavior modification, and program learning are all applications of ________.

Neurological

Children bring __________ prewiring to language learning in the nativists theory of language development.

Proto type

Children's ________ become a find after they are shown positive and negative instances and give an explanations.

Stimulant

Cocaine is a _______.

Art

Creative people appreciate _______ and music.

Auditory

Echoes are mental representations of an_______ stimulus that are held briefly in sensory memory.

Autobiographical

Episodic memories also referred to as _________ memory.

Semantic

General knowledge is referred to as ________ memory.

Procedural

Implicit memories involve methods and skills and also referred to as ______ memories.

Repression

In Freud's psychodynamic theory, ______ is the injection of anxiety evoking ideas from conscious awareness.

Insight

In Gestalt psychology, _______ as I said perception of relationships among elements of the mentally represented elements of a problem that permits its solution.

Convergent

In _______ thinking, thought is limited to present facts to find the best solution.

Spontaneous

In classical conditioning ______ recovery helps the organisms adapt to situations that reoccur from time to time.

Flooding

In the context of behavior therapy methods _______ involves continuous exposure to fear-evoking stimuli.

Negative punishment

In the context of classical conditioning, the removal of a pleasant stimulus is known as _______.

Vertex

In the context of classical conditioning, the term ______ is a simple unlearned response to a stimulus

Divergent thinking

In the context of creativity and intelligence, ___________ help generate many possible solutions.

Serial processing

In the context of problem-solving, _________ processing involves handling one element of the problem at a time.

Neurons system

In the context of the nativist approach to language development, the LAD prepares the ________ to learn grammar.

Hidden

Latent learning is learning that _______ or concealed.

Rehearsal

Maintenance _______ involves mentally repeating a list or saying the information to oneself.

Altered

Meditation is an ______ state of consciousness.

Retrospective

Memories for past events, activities, as shown by explicit and implicit memories fall under the category of _______ memory.

Neurons

Mirror _______ allows us to anticipate other people's intentions when they reach for things.

Hypnosis

Modern ________ evolves from the idea of Franz Mesmer.

Attitude

Moods and _______ affect prospective memory.

Aggression

Most organizations of health professionals agree that media violence contributes to ________ among people.

Barbiturates

Nembutal is classified as a ________.

rapid eye movement (REM) sleep

Nightmares, like most pleasant dreams, are products of ________.

Sensory

No unconscious processes cannot be experience through ________ awareness or direct inner awareness.

Sleep apnea

Obstruction of air passages is symptomatic of _________.

Insomnia

Older adult are more likely than younger adults to have _______ because of greater incidence of poor health and pain.

Neurotransmitters

Opiate stop the production of _______ in the brain.

Narcotics

Opiates are a group of _______ derived from the opium poppy that provides a horrific depress the nervous system.

Irregular verbs

Over regular station is the application of regular grammatical rules for forming inflections to__________ and nouns.

Conditional

Pavlov train dogs to salivate when he sounded a tone or a bell. Pavlov termed these trained salivary responses _______ reflexes.

Hypnotic

People Who are easily Hypnotizer said to have ________ suggestibility.

Bio-feedback training

People learning to emit alpha waves through Feedback from an electroencephalograph is

Stress

People need more sleep when they're under _____.

Several hundred

People sleep apnea stop breathing periodically, up to ________ times per night.

Material

Preconscious refers to _______ that is not in awareness but can't be brought into awareness by focusing.

Biological

Primary reinforcers are effective because of an organisms _____ make up.

Media violence

Repeated exposure to media violence may decrease viewers sensitivity with real violence.

Suppression

Repression is an unconscious process, whereas, _________ is a conscious process.

Consciousness

Retrieval of stored information means locating it and returning it to ______.

New learning

Retroactive active is the interference of ________ with the ability to retrieve material learned previously.

Stimulus

Sensory memory is the type or stage of memory that is first encountered by a _______.

Behavioral

Shaping reinforces progressive steps toward the ______ goal.

Paralysis

Sleep _________ May accompany narcolepsy and is characterized by the collapse of muscle groups or the entire body.

Nightmares

Sleep terrors usually occur during the first to sleep cycles of the night, where as ________ are more likely to occur toward morning.

Academic

Studies support the view that children's early environment is going to _________ achievements.

Avoid

Taste aversions motivates organisms to _______ harmful foods.

Behavior modification

Teachers can learn to use behavior _______ to reinforce children when they are behaving appropriately.

Wechsler scale

The _______ groups test questions into a number of separate subject tests were each sub test measures a different intellectual task.

Hallucinogens

The _______ hashish is derived from the resin of that cannabis sativa plant.

Lunguistic relativity

The __________ hypothesis is the view that language structures the way we view the world.

New info

The appearance of _____ a short term memory this place is the old information

Four

The first _______ sleep stages are considered non-rapid eye movement sleep.

Automatic

The following statement is true of classical conditioning, it is voluntarily ________ learning.

Proactive learning

The interference by old learning with the ability to retrieve material learned recently is known as ________.

Direct inner awareness

The knowledge of one's own thoughts, feelings, and memories without the use of the sensory organ is known as ______.

Over extinction

The language development, over inclusion of instances is a category labeled _______.

Goal

The means-end analysis is a heuristic device in which we try to solve problems by evaluating the difference between the current situation in the ______.

Biological preparedness

The readiness to acquire a certain kind of condition response due to the biological make up of the organism is known as ________.

Saccadic eye

The series of affixation that we perceive as visual sensations seem continuous or stream like because of ______ movement.

Insensitive

The short term consequences of behavior often provide more of an ______ then a long-term consequence.

Law of affect

Thorndike's ________ States that Pleasant stamps in responses and unpleasant events stamp them out.

Overconfidence

We work to bring about the events we believe in causing _________.

Fixed internal schedule

With a _______ an organisms response rate falls off after each reinforcement and then picks up again as the time when reinforcement will occur approaches.

Thinking

____ refers to conscious planned attempt to make sense of and change the world.

Nicotine

_____ stimulates the release of neurotransmitters.

Program

______ Learning reinforces correct responses.

Punishment

______ can rapidly suppress desirable behavior.

Encoding

______ is the first stage of information processing.

Tolerance

______ is the habituation to a drug with the result of increasingly higher doses of the drugs are needed.

Alcohol

______ is the most abused drug America.

Memory

______ is the process by which information is encoded, stored, and retrieved.

Episodic

______ memory are memories of events that happen to a person or that takes place in a persons present.

Implicit

_______ Memory is suggested but not plainly expressed, as illustrated in the things that people do but do not state clearly.

Reinforces

_______ are defined as stimuli that increase the frequency of behavior.

Short term

_______ memory can hold information up to a minute or so after the trace of the stimulus decays.

Selective attention

_______ refers to focusing one's consciousness on a particular stimulus.

Heroin

_______ was once used as a cure for addiction to morphine.

Babbling

Babies' __________ frequently can bands consonants and vowels and prelinguistic vocalizations.

Physical trauma

Anterograde amnesia is the failure to remember the events that occurred after a ________.

Operant behavior

B.F. Skinner taught pigeons to engage in behavior that manipulates the environment. This behavior is _______.

24 hours

A carcadian rhythm is a cycle that is connected with the _______ period of the Earth's rotation.

Icon

A(n) ______ is a mental representation of a visual stimulus that is held briefly in a sensory memory.

Analogy

A(n) ______ is a partial similarity among things that are different in other ways.

Orienting

A(n) ______ reflex refers to an unlearned response in which organism attends to a stimulus.

Chunk

A(n) _______ is a stimulus or group of stimuli that are perceived as a discrete piece of information.

Schema

A(n) ________ is a way of mentally representing the world such as a believe or an expectation which can influence perception of persons, objects, and situations.

Negative

A(n) ________ reinforcer will increase the probability that a behavior will occur when they are removed.

Mental age

A(n) ________ shows the intellectual level at which a child is functioning.

Holophrase

A(n) _________ is a single word used by children to express complex meanings.

Language

A(n) _________ is a system of symbols along with rules that are used to manipulate the symbols.

Mental set

A(n) __________ is the tendency to respond to a new problem with the same approach that help solve similar problems.

Primary mental abilities

According to Louis Thurstone, _________ are the eight specific factors that make up intelligence.

Psycholinguistic

According to ________ theory environmental influences affect language acquisition.

Observation learning

According to _________, when we see model behavior being reinforced, we are vicariously reinforce.

Carcadian Rhythm

Alternating periods of wakefulness and sleep reflect an internally generated ________.

Euphoric rush

Amphetamines provide a _______ when consumed and high doses.

Intelligence

Analytical _________ includes problem solving skills such as encoding information in generating a solution.