psychology CH.5
social learning
The process through which new information, forms of behavior, or attitudes are formed is known as ________.
perceptions of whether others will approve or disapprove of the behavior
According to the theory of planned behavior, behavioral intentions are partially determined by attitudes toward a particular behavior, perceptions of ability to perform the behavior, and ________.
the object of the attitude has important consequences for the individual
An attitude is more likely to influence a person's behavior if ________.
direct experience
An individual's strongest attitudes are usually acquired through ________.
Social thought and behavior
Attitudes are personal evaluations of different aspects of the social world. They influence_______.
forewarning allows listeners a greater opportunity to create counterarguments
Being forewarned of the persuasive intent of a message will frequently help people to resist the effects of the message. This is because ________.
social learning
Classical conditioning and instrumental conditioning are examples of ________ processes of attitude formation.
attitude correctness
Doug has strong views about premarital sex and feels his attitude is valid and the proper one to hold. Doug displays ________.
persuasion
Efforts to change a person's attitudes by using different kinds of messages are known as ________.
knowledge of social norms
Fazio's attitude-to-behavior process model suggests that an event may activate an attitude and ________, which both influence a person's behavior.
implicit
Michelle does not consider herself prejudiced, yet she clutches her purse to her side as she passes a group of African American youths in the mall. Her involuntary negative reaction is more likely to be the result of an ________ attitude.
the more often people are asked to report on their attitudes, the more likely it is that attitude clarity will ensue.
Ms. Lewis is conducting a workshop to build attitude awareness in her employees. She provides numerous opportunities for the attendees to report on their attitudes because she knows that ________.
reliable, with some exceptions
Overall, the relationship between attitudes and behavior is ________.
members of their reference group(s)
People hold values similar to, and identify with, ________.
instrumental conditioning
Sasha and Trevor reinforce their preschool children with smiles, hugs, or attention when they hear their children repeat the "please" and "thank-you" terms used by the family. These parents are using ________ to shape their children's attitudes.
the tendency to direct attention away from information that challenges personal attitudes
Selective avoidance is ________
classical conditioning that occurs without our awareness of the stimuli that are used
Subliminal conditioning is ________.
careful consideration of the ideas contained by a message
The central route to persuasion involves ________
social comparison
The mechanism by which people compare themselves to other people to determine whether or not their perception of social reality is correct is known as ________.
avoidance of negative consequences
There is some evidence that moderately-leveled fear appeals work best when paired with specific methods of behavioral change that allow _______.
is not increased by strong arguments in the message
When heuristic processing is involved, the degree of persuasion ________.
pluralistic ignorance
When people collectively misunderstand that the attitudes of others are different from their own, they are exhibiting ________.
attitude extremity
_______ represents how strongly an individual feels about a certain topic.