psychology CH.5

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social learning

The process through which new information, forms of behavior, or attitudes are formed is known as ________.

perceptions of whether others will approve or disapprove of the behavior

According to the theory of planned behavior, behavioral intentions are partially determined by attitudes toward a particular behavior, perceptions of ability to perform the behavior, and ________.

the object of the attitude has important consequences for the individual

An attitude is more likely to influence a person's behavior if ________.

direct experience

An individual's strongest attitudes are usually acquired through ________.

Social thought and behavior

Attitudes are personal evaluations of different aspects of the social world. They influence_______.

forewarning allows listeners a greater opportunity to create counterarguments

Being forewarned of the persuasive intent of a message will frequently help people to resist the effects of the message. This is because ________.

social learning

Classical conditioning and instrumental conditioning are examples of ________ processes of attitude formation.

attitude correctness

Doug has strong views about premarital sex and feels his attitude is valid and the proper one to hold. Doug displays ________.

persuasion

Efforts to change a person's attitudes by using different kinds of messages are known as ________.

knowledge of social norms

Fazio's attitude-to-behavior process model suggests that an event may activate an attitude and ________, which both influence a person's behavior.

implicit

Michelle does not consider herself prejudiced, yet she clutches her purse to her side as she passes a group of African American youths in the mall. Her involuntary negative reaction is more likely to be the result of an ________ attitude.

the more often people are asked to report on their attitudes, the more likely it is that attitude clarity will ensue.

Ms. Lewis is conducting a workshop to build attitude awareness in her employees. She provides numerous opportunities for the attendees to report on their attitudes because she knows that ________.

reliable, with some exceptions

Overall, the relationship between attitudes and behavior is ________.

members of their reference group(s)

People hold values similar to, and identify with, ________.

instrumental conditioning

Sasha and Trevor reinforce their preschool children with smiles, hugs, or attention when they hear their children repeat the "please" and "thank-you" terms used by the family. These parents are using ________ to shape their children's attitudes.

the tendency to direct attention away from information that challenges personal attitudes

Selective avoidance is ________

classical conditioning that occurs without our awareness of the stimuli that are used

Subliminal conditioning is ________.

careful consideration of the ideas contained by a message

The central route to persuasion involves ________

social comparison

The mechanism by which people compare themselves to other people to determine whether or not their perception of social reality is correct is known as ________.

avoidance of negative consequences

There is some evidence that moderately-leveled fear appeals work best when paired with specific methods of behavioral change that allow _______.

is not increased by strong arguments in the message

When heuristic processing is involved, the degree of persuasion ________.

pluralistic ignorance

When people collectively misunderstand that the attitudes of others are different from their own, they are exhibiting ________.

attitude extremity

_______ represents how strongly an individual feels about a certain topic.


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