Psychology Chapter 1

A cognitive psychologist is likely to study:

Attention and problem solving

The study of cultural influences on differences in psychological attributes is the basis of __________ psychology

Multicultural

Darwin's principle of __________ __________ is an evolutionary process in which organisms best adapted to their surroundings will survive and produce offspring.

Natural Selection

Watson argued that psychology as a science, should focus directly on:

Observable behavior

Which field of psychology studies the patterns of thoughts and behaviors that make different individuals unique?

Personality psychology

Which psychological theory emphasizes unconscious thought and early childhood experiences?

Psychoanalytic

A __________ approach focuses on an organism's observable actions as opposed to thoughts or feelings

Behavioral

A psychologist using the __________ approach when studying how a class of high school students will act under conditions of reward or punishment

Behavioral

A __________ might use rats or mice to study how the nervous system develops.

Biopsychologist

A researcher cooperating with scientists in other fields like linguistics and neuroscience is likely using the __________ approach to psychology.

Cognitive

Which psychological perspective grew out of a revived interest in the mind as a focus of scientific inquiry?

Cognitive approach

The basis of __________ __________ is that people experience their sensory world as a whole, not as broken down into parts.

Gestalt Psychology

__________ is a field of psychology that uses a multidimensional approach that emphasizes the interaction between biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors.

Health psychology

Sigmund Freud theorized that

The unconscious mind was a repository of feelings and urges of which we have no awareness

Identify two key early proponents of the behavioral approach.

Watson Pavlov

Who is most associated with the functionalism movement?

William James

The first person to be referred to as a psychologist was

William Wundt

A psychologist is interested in studying the role of stress and coping in people's lives. The psychologist is probably a

health psychologist

The process of internal perception, which involved looking inside of our own minds by focusing on our thoughts, was what Wundt called

introspection

Introspection includes the _________ __________ of one's own thoughts and perceptions.

objective examination

A social psychologist deals with

people's interactions with one another, relationships, and attitudes.

A researcher who studies how people perceive colors would likely be studying __________ and __________ is psychology

sensation and perception

The cognitive approach emphasizes

the mind as a focus of scientific inquiry.

Structuralism involves identifying the ______ of the human mind.

basic characteristics

The following are focuses of I/O (industrial and organizational psychology)?

Focusing on hiring decisions Examining personal management Studying workers and the organizations that employ them

__________ psychology is the field that applies psychological concepts to the justice system.

Forensic

Introspection is a process used to study the structure of the mind in which subjects are asked to:

Describe in detail what they are experiencing when exposed to a stimulus.

Which field of psychology is interested in growth and change that occurs over the entire lifespan?

Developmental psychology

Gaining knowledge through observation and experimentation, rather than just through logical reasoning and previous authorities are components of the:

Empirical Method

What is a psychological perspective that uses concepts such as adaptation, reproduction, and natural selection as the basis for explaining specific human behaviors?

Evolutionary approach

Cognitive psychology:

Examines attention, problem solving, language, and memory.

This psychological perspective emphasizes the potential for good in all humans:

Humanistic approach

Critical thinking is the practice of understanding and evaluating:

Information

In their graduate training program in clinical psychology, a student PsyD program is likely to receive __________ research training compared to a student in a PhD program

Less

Critical thinking helps us to do all of the following:

Maintain an attitude of skepticism Evaluate information Recognize internal biases

The __________ study of an aspect of the world uses a method for asking a question about how or why something happens

Scientific

Maintaining and attitude of __________ is an important aspect of critical thinking

Skepticism

Which type of psychology applies psychological principles to improving athletic performance and enjoying athletic participation?

Sport and exercise psychology

Wundt and his collaborators believed that the key method of study for their theory of __________ was introspection

Structuralism

Wundt created the first psychology laboratory for the study of:

Structuralism

__________ is concerned with the components of the mind, while __________ is concerned with the overall operation of the mind and behavior in the individual's adaptation to the environment

Structuralism; Functionalism

The three key parts of the definition of psychology include:

The mind Science Behavior

Psychology is formally defined as the scientific study of:

The mind and behavior

If you think you might have a psychological disorder such as bipolar disorder, you should likely see a _________ psychologist; whereas if you are having difficulty adjusting to a new school or job or having a relationship problem you should see a ______ psychologist.

clinical; counseling