Psychology Chapter 10
In which of these does a person have the LEAST amount of brain activity and responsiveness?
brain death
Which of the following is most likely to cause people to have difficulty falling asleep?
becoming accustomed to going to bed late and then trying to shift to going to bed earlier
Which of the following characterizes someone in a coma?
low brain activity with no response to any stimulation
What are two practical applications of hypnosis?
reducing reactions to pain and post-hypnotic suggestions
What evidence indicated that a woman in a vegetative state may be conscious?
Her brain activity responded to commands such as "imagine playing tennis."
Some people describe themselves as "morning people", while others describe themselves as "evening people". Which of the following statements is true regarding that distinction?
"Evening people" have low body temperatures in the morning that gradually rise during the day
In an unchanging environment (such as a cave or a submarine), people become sleepy about once every __________ hours.
24-25
Does hypnosis improve memory, and if so what kind of memory?
It increases confidence but does not improve memory
People and most other animals wake up and go to sleep on a regular basis, at about the same time every 24 hours. What causes this 24-hour cycle?
It is generated by a built-in mechanism in the brain
What are the results from studies on posthypnotic suggestions to stop smoking?
Some success, but it is partly a placebo effect
Someone with right-hemisphere damage ordinarily neglects the left side of objects. What happens if the person closes his/her eyes and tries to describe a scene form memory?
The description neglects the left side
If you lived in a cave, or on a spacecraft, or in some other environment with no variation in light or temperature, what would happen to your rhythms of waking and sleeping?
You would continue to follow a near-24 hour rhythm.
During REM sleep
dreaming is likely to occur
One well-established effect of hypnosis is to
inhibit pain
Freud believed that dreams had two levels of meaning, the __________ content, which is the content that appears on the surface, and the __________ content, which is hidden and only represented symbolically
manifest...latent
Dan is an overweight, middle-aged history professor who snores loudly and periodically stops breathing during sleep. Dan has a condition known as
sleep apnea
The high-school student who stayed awake for several days
slept longer than usual when he did go to sleep, but was refreshed upon awakening
What disorder, if anything, is related to talking in your sleep?
Nothing
What is one thing that cats and bats have in common?
They spend many hours per day asleep
What evidence suggests that some people in a vegetative state may be conscious?
Instructions to imagine playing tennis evoked appropriate brain responses
Sleepwalking, lucid dreaming, and waking up finding oneself unable to move are all example of which principle?
Part of the brain can be awake while another part is asleep
In one experiment one group of students were hypnotized while another group pretended to be hypnotized. An experienced hypnotist tried to determine which were the hypnotized students and which were the fakes. What happened?
The hypnotist had trouble telling who was really hypnotized
Researchers present a stimulus under two conditions--one in which people are conscious of it and one when they are not. Which of these characterizes the occasions when people are conscious of the stimulus?
The signal spreads more widely in the brain
Which of the following is characteristic of a "minimally conscious state"?
brief periods of purposeful action and speech comprehension
People who consistently work on the night shift (midnight to 8 a.m.) may or may not fully adjust their circadian rhythms to this schedule. Which of the following would be most likely to help people adjust their rhythms?
bright lights while at work at night
In one study, one group of college students were hypnotized while another group pretended to be hypnotized. What did some of the hypnotized subjects do that none of the pretenders did?
report puzzlement at seeing the same person in two places at once
People note the moment when they decide to flex their wrist, and they report it later. Researchers record the time of the movement, the time of the reported decision, and the time when activity began to increase in the premotor cortex of the person's brain. Which comes FIRST?
the increase in brain activity
During which part of a night's sleep are REM sleep and dreaming most common?
toward the end of the night's sleep
