Psychology Chapter 11, Psych. 210 Chapter 11, Chapter 11 Motivation and Emotion Learn Smart

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The subjects in Ekman's facial feedback experiments experienced which of the following when professional actors made angry facial expressions?

- increased body temperature - increased heart rate

There are ______ levels of needs proposed by Maslow in his Hierarchy of Needs model.

5

how many basic emotions are there?

6

Our genetics are about ______ % responsible for adult weight

70

Our genetics are about ________% responsible for adult weight.

70

Our genetics are responsible for about ___% of adult weight

70

The need for _____ is a stable, learned characteristic in which a person obtains satisfaction by striving for and attaining a level of excellence.

Achievement

___________ are enduring aspects of our personalities that set the threshold for the occurrence of certain emotional states.

Affective traits

Obsession with thinness and self-starvation are characteristics of ______ nervosa

Anorexia

Obsession with thinness and self-starvation are characteristics of _________________ nervosa.

Anorexia

Each of the highlighted areas on the picture play an important role in emotion. Which area, color in red, is active when people recall or imagine emotional experiences and in the pain experienced with social exclusion or rejection?

Anterior cinulate cortex

With regard to the process of emotion, ________ is the evaluation of a situation with respect to how relevant it is to one's own welfare.

Appraisal

is the evaluation of a situation with respect to how relevant it is to one's own welfare

Appraisal

The _____ nervous system plays a crucial role in emotion because it activates other systems that are needed for action, including the circulatory and respiratory system

Automatic

The ______ nervous system controls involuntary systems of the body, such as internal organs and glands

Autonomic

_____ is used in evaluating whether an individual is overweight. It is determined . by dividing weight-height ratio

BMI - body mass index

_____ is used in evaluating whether an individual is overweight. It is determined by dividing weight by height to yield a weight height ratio.

Body Mass Index

______________ is used in evaluating whether an individual is overweight. It is determined by dividing weight by height to yield a weight-height ratio.

Body Mass Index (BMI)

This is the model for positive emotions, which posits that they widen our cognitive perspective and help us acquire useful life skills.

Broaden and build theory

The etiology of eating disorders is complex. Which of the following factors have been linked to eating disorders?

Cognitive Cultural Social Biological

_____________ rules are learned norms or rules about when it is appropriate to show certain expressions of emotions and to whom one should show them.

Display

When do attempts to regulate emotion occur in the emotion process?

Early or Late

Drew is a swimmer. He wants to lose and maintain a healthy weight. What are some recommendations you would give to Drew to help him meet his goals?

Eat in moderation Ensure at least moderate physical activity each day for at least 30 minutes Drink plenty of water Get good sleep

According to the neurocultural theory of emotion, which of the following are examples of aspects of emotion that vary culture to culture?

Emotional regulation Appraisal of emotion-inducing stimuli

____________ are brief, acute changes in conscious experience and physiology that occur in response to a personally meaningful situation.

Emotions

Which of the following is NOT true about the physiological changes produced by emotions?

Emotions only activate the sympathetic branch of ANS, not parasympathetic

Motivation serves to _____ behavior

Energize & direct

Drew is a swimmer. He wants to lose and maintain a healthy weight. What are some recommendations you would give to Drew to help him meet his goals?

Ensure at least moderate physical activity each day for at least 30 minutes Eat in moderation Get good sleep Drink plenty of water

Arrange the phases of sexual arousal in their correct sequence from first (at the top) to last.

Excitement Plateau Orgasm Resolution

Atkinson argued that the tendency to achieve success is a function of three factors. If Yvonne believes she is very likely to achieve success in school and earn good grades, which factor is she demonstrating?

Expectation of success

____________ is a strategy for regulating emotion that involves a deliberate attempt to inhibit the outward display of an emotion.

Expressive suppression

which of the following are types of emotion regulation

Expressive suppression Reapprasial

three models of employee motivation

Extrinsic motivation Intrinsic motivation Perceived organizational support

According to the neurocultural theory of emotion, which of the following are examples of aspects of emotion that are similar in all humans?

Facial expressions Physiological changes

True of False: Weight which is less than 80% of what is considered normal for age and height is a main characteristic of bulimia nervosa.

False

________ is a simple sugar in the blood that provides energy for cells throughout the body, including the brain

Glucose

The yo-yo effect of losing and regaining weight from dieting is associated with

Heart Disease, stroke, diabetes and altered immune function.

________________ is the process by which all organisms work to maintain physiological equilibrium or balance around an optimal set point.

Homeostasis

Each of these brain areas is involved in emotion. Which is the primary pleasure and reward center?

Hypothalamus

In achievement motivation, which of the following are the factors important to incentive value?

Importance of succeeding Difficulty of the task

In achievement motivation, which of the following are the factors important to incentive value?

Importance of succeeding Difficulty of the task

If you anticipate that you will be getting a good grade, you are expecting a(n)

Incentive

Arousal approaches to motivation suggest that individuals will attempt to

Increase or reduce their level of arousal, depending on their internal state.

The subject in Ekman's facial feedback experiments experienced which of the following when professional actors made angry facial expressions?

Increased heart rate Increased body temperature

_____ motivation comes from within the person and includes the elements of challenge, enjoyment, mastery, and autonomy

Intrinsic

____________ motivation comes from within the person and includes the elements of challenge, enjoyment, mastery, and autonomy.

Intrinsic

the _____-_____ theory of emotion states that our perception of the physiological changes that accompany creates the subjective emotional experience

James-Lange

_____ is credited with the hierarchy of needs from the most basic physiological needs to the highest psychological ones

Maslow

A person with a high ______ will tend to expend more energy than is typical

Metabolism

an interest in establishing and maintaining relationships with other people

Need for affiliation

_________ are inherently biological states of deficiency (cellular or bodily) that compel drives

Needs

Which actually describes Yerkes-Dodson law?

Optimal performance is at moderate levels of arousal and arousal that is too low or too high leads to poor performance.

According to the ____________ _____________ theory, if pregnancy results from sexual intercourse, the cost of having sex is quite different for men and women.

Parental investment

Which of the following is/are true with regard to the relationship between the stomach and hunger?

People who have their stomachs removed for medical reasons still experience hunger Stomach contractions correspond with hunger pangs but they don't cause hunger

Which type of society places few restrictions on sex?

Permissive

According to neurocultural theory of emotions, which of the following are examples of aspects of emotion that are similar in all humans?

Physiological changes Facial expressions

Which of the following best describes "subjective well-being"?

Positive and negative affect Satisfaction in a variety of domains

____________ is an antecedent-focused emotion regulation strategy in which one reevaluates an event so that a different emotion results.

Reappraisal

which of the following are types of emotion regulation?

Reappraisal Expressive suppression

which of the following two needs must be met before moving higher up Maslow's hierarchy?

Safety Physiological

Life _____ is the term used to describe an overall evaluation we have of our lives

Satisfaction

Maslow's hierarchy of needs

Self-actualization Esteem Love and belongingness Safety and security Physiological

Order Maslow's hierarchy of needs from highest (top of list) to lowest.

Self-actualization Esteem needs Love and belongingness needs Safety and security needs Physiological needs

______ emotions are those that occur as a function of how well we live up to our expectations, the expectations of others, or rules set by society

Self-conscious

_________ emotions are those that occur as a function of how well we live up to our expectations, the expectations of others, or rules set by society.

Self-conscious

Which type of society places formal prohibitions on pre- and extramarital sex that are not strictly enforced

Semirestrictive

What happens to the sensation of hunger as blood glucose levels rise?

Sensation of hunger declines.

___________ is defined as actions and arousal involving stimulation of genitals which may or may not involve orgasm.

Sexual behavior

____________ is the disposition to be attracted to either the opposite sex, the same sex, or both sexes.

Sexual orientation

How many emotions are expressed facially in the same way by all members of the human race?

Six

What is motivation used to explain?

The behavior of humans and other organisms

How might the hormone leptin explain obesity?

The gene leptin, which suppresses appetite in some individuals and lead to obesity

What is the ideal Body Mass Index (BMI)?

The ideal BMI is between 20 and 25.

Which accurately describes the evolutionary theory?

The major motives all involve basic survival and reproduction needs and drives: hunger. thirst, body temperature regulation, oxygen, and sex.

Which of the following are true differences between men and women with regard to the plateau phase of sexual arousal?

The phase is almost always followed by orgasm in men The phase generally lasts longer in women

Which most accurately describes the Yerkes Dodson law?

The principle the moderate levels of arousal lead to optimal performance

Weight has been shown to have a very strong genetic influence. Thus, adopted children are more likely to resemble ______________.

Their biological parents

which of the following is False about basic emotions?

They are the only emotional states human can experience

which of the following statements is false of basic emotions?

They are the only emotional states humans can experience

The two most common myths about dieting are:

Thinking that low-fat and low-carb diets are good and high-carb diets are bad. Eating smaller, more frequent meals per day is one way to lose weight.

Which of the following is an example of a drive?

Thirst

Which group of individuals are more likely to be happier?

Those who found their meaning in life.

True or False: For many years, scientist suspected that sociocultural factors, such as media images of thin women and family pressures, were central determinant of anorexia nervosa and bullimia nervosa. But since the 1980s ,researchers have examined the interplay of social and biological factors in eating disorders.

True

True or False: Losing weight in adulthood does not decrease the number of fat cells.

True

True or False: Stomach contractions do not cause hunger.

True

True or False: The basic emotions are only a small set of infinite variety of emotional states humans can experience.

True

_________ means common to all human beings

Universal

What are the main principles of arousal approaches to motivation?

We seek to increase and/or decrease excitement to maintain a certain level.

what are the main principles of arousal approaches to motivation

We seek to increase and/or decrease excitement to maintain a certain level.

Which of the following describes drive-reduction theory?

When our physiological systems are out of balance or depleted, we are driven to reduce this depleted state.

According to the parental investment theory, which gender should be less motivated for sex?

Women

For which gender is the contribution to parenthood much greater - men or women?

Women

For whom does the plateau phase generally last longer?

Women

Who talks more about emotions - men or women?

Women

Who talks more about emotions - mens or women?

Women

Which of the following is FALSE with regard to research on gender and emotion?

Women feel emotion much more than men do.

The James-Lange theory of emotion suggest that emotions are

a reaction to changing physiological states

The James-Lange theory of emotion suggests that emotions are

a reaction to changing physiological states

Each emotion creates

a unique feeling

The need for ______ is stable, learned characteristic in which a person obtains satisfaction by striving for and attaining a level of excellence.

achievement

____ motivation involves a desire to do things well and overcome difficulties and obstacles

achievement

_____ motivation involves a desire to do things well and overcome difficulties and obstacles

achievement

______________ motivation involves a desire to do things well and overcome difficulties and obstacles.

achievement

the need for ____ is a stable, learned characteristic in which a person obtains satisfaction by striving for and attaining a level of excellence.

achievement

_____ are enduring aspects of our personalities that set the threshold for the occurence of certain emotional states.

affective traits

stable predispositions toward certain types of emotional responses are

affective traits

The need for _________ is an interest in establishing and maintaining relationship with other people.

affiliation

the need for _____ is an interest in establishing and maintaining relationships with other people

affiliation

The ___________ is a commonly studied brain structure that plays a crucial role in memory and emotion and research has focused on its appraisal of the emotional significance of stimuli, especially fear.

amygdala

the _____ appears to play a very important role in noticing fear-relevant information

amygdala

in defining emotions as a process, an _____ event is a situation that may lead to an emotional response

antecedent

In defining emotion as a process, a(n) _______________ is a situation that may lead to an emotional response.

antecedent event

the _____ is active when people either call or imagine emotional experience

anterior cingulate cortex

according to the view of emotions as a process, _____ initiate(s) the process by which emotions are elicited.

appraisal

with regard to the process of emotion, _____ is the evaluation of a situation with respect to how relevant it is to one's own welfare.

appraisal

The optimal ______ approach to motivation contends that we have a desired level of stimulation and will increase or decrease excitement as necessary to maintain that level

arousal

The optimal __________ approach to motivation contends that we have a desired level of stimulation and will increase or decrease excitement as necessary to maintain that level.

arousal

the optimal _____ approach to motivation contends that we have a desired level of stimulation and will increase or decrease excitement as necessary to maintain that level

arousal

The ____________ nervous system controls involuntary systems of body, such as internal organs and glands.

autonomic

The ____________ nervous system plays a crucial role in emotion because it activates other systems that are needed for action, including the circulatory and respiratory systems.

autonomic

the _____ nervous system controls involuntary systems of the body, such as internal organs and glands

autonomic

The six ___________ emotions (anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, suprise) are only a small set of infinite variety of emotional states human can experience.

basic

the six _____ emotions are only a small set of the infinite variety of emotional states humans can experience

basic

The hypothalamus monitors ____________ to determine when it is time to eat.

blood glucose levels

The ____________ model argues that positive emotions are adaptive because they help us to build our resources by expanding our attentional focus and encouraging us to "think outside the box."

broaden and build

Derek is a wrestler who must maintain a weight of 125 pounds. Unfortunately, Derek likes to eat pizza, fries, and desserts. After he eats too much, Derek will often make himself vomit in an attempt to avoid gaining weight. Derek is showing signs of

bulimia nervosa

the emotion process includes which of the following?

cognitive appraisal regulation antecedent event

some aspects of emotion are thought to be universal, which means which of the following?

common to all human beings and cultures around the world

the social norm set forth by our culture, which says that winners should not gloat, is an example of a(n)

display rule

Groups of American and Japanese students were shown a film of graphic medical procedure, both in the presence of an authority figure and alone. American student responded with disgust in both conditions, whereas Japanese students displayed disgust ONLY when alone. This study provides support for ____________ ____________.

display rules

Learned norms or rules about when it is appropriate to show certain expressions of emotions and to whom one should show them are _____.

display rules

stomach contractions

do not cause hunger

losing weight in adulthood

does not decrease the number of fat cells

A(n) ___________ is the motivation tension, or arousal, that energizes behavior to fulfill a need.

drive

An ______ is the motivational tension, or arousal, that energizes behavior to fulfill a need

drive

which model of motivation can be compared to the thermostat in your house?

drive-reduction

on a very hot day when we are extremely thirsty, we simply must get that drink of water. This illustrates the concept of ______

drives

what is the motivational tension, or arousal, that energizes behavior to fulfill a need called?

drives

when do attempt to regulate emotion occur in the emotion process?

early or late

The two most common myths about dieting are

eating smaller, more frequent meals per day is one way to lose weight thinking that low fat and low carb diets are good and high fat and high carb diets are bad

When ______, you might unintentionally reveal something about yourself, feel self conscious as if you violated some social norm, get giggly, and act as if you want to make amends for a social transgression.

embarrassed

_____ are brief, acute changes in conscious experience and physiology that occur in response to a personally meaningful situation

emotion

_____ refers to the cognitive and behavioral efforts people use to modify their emotions

emotion regulation

the physiological, behavioral/expressive, and subjective changes that occur when emotions are generated

emotional response

_____ are brief, acute changes in conscious experience and physiology that occur in response to a personally meaningful situation

emotions

the fact that sexual orgasm cannot occur unless the areas of the brain involved in fear and anxiety are shut down illustrates what basic feature or emotions versus drives?

emotions can override biological drives

Which of the following is NOT true about the physiological changes produced by emotions?

emotions only activate the sympathetic branch of the ANS, not parasympathetic

Extrinsic motivation, intrinsic motivation, and organizational support are three models of ___________ motivation.

employee

Maslow suggest that we want to feel good about who we are because this is part of meeting the ___________ need.

esteem

according to Maslow's theory, the need to develop a sense of self-worth by knowing that others know and value one's competence is called _____.

esteem

maslow suggests that we want to feel good about who we are because this part of meeting the _____ need.

esteem

The major sign of the ___________ phase is vaginal lubrication for women and erection for men.

excitement

the major sign of the _____ phase is vaginal lubrication for women and erection for men

excitement

Arrange the phases of sexual arousal in their correct sequence from first to last

excitement → plateau → orgasm → resolution

Phases of sexual arousal

excitement, plateau, orgasm, resolution

In achievement motivation, the _____ refers to an individual's evaluation of the likelihood of success

expectation of success

_____ is a deliberate attempt to inhibit the outward display of an emotion.

expressive suppression

________ is a response-focused strategy for regulating emotion that involves the deliberate attempt to inhibit the outward manifestation of an emotion

expressive-suppression

_____ motivation comes from outside the person and usually involves rewards and praises

extrinsic

___________ motivation comes from outside the person and usually involves rewards and praises.

extrinsic

According to Ekman, basic emotions are not single states but represent categories or groups of related emotions called emotion _____

families

According to Ekman, basic human emotions are not single states but represent categories or groups of related emotions called emotion __________________.

families

According to Ekman, basic emotions are not single states but represent categories or groups of related emotions called an emotion

family

Which of the following is NOT generally associated with embarrassment?

feeling puffed up with pride

The hypothalamus triggers the drive to obtain food when __________, a simple sugar in the blood that provides energy for cells, is low.

glucose

the hypothalamus triggers the drive to obtain food when _____. a simple sugar in the blood that provides energy for cells, is low.

glucose

Although many facial expressions of emotion are understood universally, _____________ is the emotion that is most recognizable.

happiness

what is the most recognizable facial expression of emotion?

happiness

In addition to blood sugar (glucose) and the hypothalamus, and as discussed in this chapter, what is another important biological system involved in regulating hunger?

hormones

Which of the following is NOT a self-conscious emotion?

hostility

The _____ appears to be a pleasure or reward center and is, therefore, related to positive emotions

hypothalamus

The _________ is the brain structure crucial to sexual behavior. In particular, lesions on part of this area have led to decreases in sexual behavior, while electrical stimulation of this area may lead to increased sexual behavior.

hypothalamus

The ______________ is the brain structure crucial to sexual behavior. In particular, lesions on part of this brain area have led to decreases in sexual behavior, while electrical stimulation of this area may lead to increased sexual behavior

hypothalamus

the _____ is the brain structure crucial to sexual behavior

hypothalamus

_____ is an anticipated reward

incentive

in achievement motivation, _____ stems from two factors: the importance of succeeding ad the difficulty of the task

incentive value

arousal approaches to motivation suggest that individuals will attempt to

increase or reduce their level of arousal, depending on their internal state

The subjects in Ekman's facial feedback experiments experienced which of the following when professional actors mace angry facial expressions?

increased body temperature Increased heart rate

Emotional _____ is defined as empathic understanding and the ability to recognize and to regulate emotions in oneself and others

intelligence

Emotional ______ is defined as empathic understanding and the ability to recognize and to regulate emotions in oneself and others

intelligence

Emotional ___________ is defined as empathic understanding and to regulate emotions in oneself and others

intelligence

_____ motivation comes from within the person and includes the elements of challenge, enjoyment, mastery and autonomy

intrinsic motivation

The gene for the hormone ______, which suppresses appetite, may be mutated in some individuals and lead to obesity

leptin

most research on weight loss has reported that

losing weight is relatively easy initially, but keeping it off is very difficult

evidence suggests that a core set of facial expression of emotion are universal because

many facial expressions are recognized across cultures

which of the following best represents male attitudes about variety and greater numbers of sexual partners?

men prefer greater numbers o sexual partners than women in both the short-term and the long-term

A person with a low ________ will tend to expand less energy than is typical.

metabolism

a person with a high _____ will tend to expand more energy than is typical

metabolism

Transient changes in affect that fluctuate throughout the day or over several days are called _____

moods

Transient changes in affect that fluctuate throughout the day or over several days are called ____________.

moods

which kind of emotion phrases are women more apt to use than men?

more specific comments, such as "I am upset and angry"

Marslow's model of motivation is hierarchical. This means that, in his model, individuals focus first on the __________ and progress to the ____________.

most basic and physiological needs: highest and more psychological needs

Atkinson argued that the tendency to achieve success is a function of three factors. The extent to which you really want to be successful is the factor he called

motivation to succeed

Which factor on the tendency to achieve success involves the extent to which you really want to be successful?

motivation to succeed

Biological states of deficiency that compel drives, such as those for food or water, are called _____

needs

Food, water, and oxygen are examples of _____________.

needs

______ are inherently biological states of deficiency (cellular or bodily) that compel drives

needs

you are walking alone in a forest at night with a flashlight. you drop and break your flashlight, and your hands begin to tremble. According to the James-Lange theory, you are afraid because you

notice your hands begin to tremble

Which most accurately describes the Yerkes-Dodson law?

optimal performance is at moderate levels of arousal that is too low or too high leads to poor performance

Perceived ____________ _______________ is an employee's belief about how much the organization appreciates and supports his or her contributions and well-being.

organizational support

according to the _____ theory, the cost of reproduction are generally much higher for women than men. While men need only sex reproduce, women carry a child, endure labor and delivery, and are generally more involved in child care

parental investment

Which of the following is/are true with regard the relationship between the stomach and hunger?

people who have their stomachs removed for medical reasons with experience hunger, stomach contractions correspond with hunger pangs, but they do not cause hunger

_____ is an employee's belief about how much the organization appreciates and supports his or her contributions and well-being

perceived organizational support

which type of society places few restrictions on sex?

permissive

which of the following does the emotional response not include?

personality changes

According to Maslow, the most basic needs are

physiological

increases in the heart rate are examples of _____ changes produced by emotions

physiological

Unlike men, women may stay in the ________ phase and then pass to the __________ phase without orgasm.

plateau, resolution

unlike men, women may stay in the _____ phase and then pass the _____ phase without orgasm

plateau; resolution

The amygala

plays an important role in recognizing the emotional significance of stimuli

Due to its involvement in planning, impulse control, and working memory, the ______ plays a role in the appraisal and reappraisal of emotion

prefrontal cortex

_____ is an antecedent-focused emotion regulation strategy in which one reevaluates an event so that a different emotion results

reappraisal

which of the following are types of emotion regulation?

reappraisal; expressive suppression

Emotion __________ refers to cognitive and behavioral efforts people use to modify their emotions.

regulation

The emotion process includes which of the following?

regulation cognitive appraisal antecedent event

An emotional ___________ involves the physiological, behavioral/expressive, and subjective changes that occur when emotions are generated.

response

Life __________ is the term used to describe an overall evaluation we have of our lives.

satisfaction

According to drive reduction approaches, we do things in order to

satisfy a biological need

According to drive-reduction approaches, we do things in order to _____.

satisfy a biological need

When a person is realizing their highest potential, he or she is

self- actualizing

is a person reaches the highest level of self-fulfillment and has realized his or her highest potential, Maslow would say he or she has reached a state of _____-_____.

self-actualization

______ emotions are those that occur as a function of how well we livd up to our expectations, the expectations of others, or rules set by society

self-conscious

Which type of society places formal prohibitions on pre- and extramarital sex that are not strictly enforce

semi-restrictive

_____ is defined as actions and arousal involving stimulation for genitals which may or may now involve orgasm

sexual behavior

actions and arousal involving stimulation of the genitals, which may or may not involve orgasm.

sexual behavior

_____ is the disposition to be attracted to either the opposite sex, the same sex or both sexes

sexual orientation

________ is the disposition to be attracted to either the opposite sex, the same sex, or both sexes

sexual orientation

which of the following is not a basic emotion?

shame

One of the reasons it is difficult for many people to keep off weight is that the ___________ of fat cells can change with dieting, but the _________ of fat cells doesn't change much after adolescence.

size, number

What are the four biological components of hunger?

stomach blood brain hormones

Which of the following is/are true with regard between the stomach and hunger?

stomach contractions correspond with hunger pains but do not cause hunger People who have either stomachs removed for medical reasons still experience hunger

The changes in the quality of our conscious experience that occur during emotional responses best describes the __________experience of emotion.

subjective

the changes in the quality of our conscious experienced that occur during emotional responses best describes the _____ experience of emotion

subjective

Although _____ is the major male sex hormone, it controls the sex drive in both men and women

testosterone

Although _________ is the major male sex hormone, it controls the sex drive in both men and women.

testosterone

although _____ is a major male sex hormone, it controls the sex drive in both men and women

testosterone

which of the following statements is False?

testosterone is associated with sex drive in men only

What is motivation used to explain?

the behavior of humans and other organisms

How might the hormone leptin explain obesity?

the gene for leptin, which suppresses appetite, may be mutated in some individuals and lead to obesity

Most evidence in dieting research suggests that dieting does not work for

the long-term

most evidence in dieting research suggests that dieting does not work for

the long-term

Hypothalamus

the primary pleasure and reward center

The ideal fixed setting of particular physiological system, such as internal body temperature, is called ____________.

the set point

What are the four biological components of hunger?

the stomach, the blood, the brain, and hormones

Affect is

the variety of emotional phenomena, including emotions and moods

Affect is

the variety of emotional phenomena, including emotions and moods.

which group of individuals are more likely to be happier

those who found their meaning in life

Each emotion creates a different subjective experience, and each produces a _____ feeling

unique

Each emotion creates a different subjective experience, and each produces a(n) ___________ feeling.

unique

One might say facial expressions are both ____________ and __________.

universal and innate

an individual can use positive emotions to see

unusual possibilities and think creatively when problem-solving, building resources, or branching out socially

what are the man principles of arousal approaches to motivation?

we seek to decrease excitement when necessary to maintain a certain level, we seek to increase excitement when necessary to maintain a certain level

What are the main principles of arousal approaches to motivation?

we seek to increase and/or decrease excitement to maintain a certain level

Life satisfaction, domain satisfaction, and positive and negative affect comprise the state known as subjective _______

well-being

Life satisfaction, domain satisfaction, and positive and negative affect comprise the state known as subjective ___________.

well-being

life satisfaction, domain satisfaction, and positive and negative affect comprise the state known as subjective ______.

well-being

The broaden-and-build theory posits that positive emotions

widen our cognitive perspective and help us acquire useful life skills

According to parental investment theory, which gender should be less motivated for sex?

women

for which gender is the contribution to parenthood much greater- men or women?

women

for whom does the plateau phase generally last longer?

women

which of the following are true with regard to research on gender and emotion?

women feel more emotions and talk more about emotions than men do


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