Psychology Chapter 11, Psych. 210 Chapter 11, Chapter 11 Motivation and Emotion Learn Smart
The subjects in Ekman's facial feedback experiments experienced which of the following when professional actors made angry facial expressions?
- increased body temperature - increased heart rate
There are ______ levels of needs proposed by Maslow in his Hierarchy of Needs model.
5
how many basic emotions are there?
6
Our genetics are about ______ % responsible for adult weight
70
Our genetics are about ________% responsible for adult weight.
70
Our genetics are responsible for about ___% of adult weight
70
The need for _____ is a stable, learned characteristic in which a person obtains satisfaction by striving for and attaining a level of excellence.
Achievement
___________ are enduring aspects of our personalities that set the threshold for the occurrence of certain emotional states.
Affective traits
Obsession with thinness and self-starvation are characteristics of ______ nervosa
Anorexia
Obsession with thinness and self-starvation are characteristics of _________________ nervosa.
Anorexia
Each of the highlighted areas on the picture play an important role in emotion. Which area, color in red, is active when people recall or imagine emotional experiences and in the pain experienced with social exclusion or rejection?
Anterior cinulate cortex
With regard to the process of emotion, ________ is the evaluation of a situation with respect to how relevant it is to one's own welfare.
Appraisal
is the evaluation of a situation with respect to how relevant it is to one's own welfare
Appraisal
The _____ nervous system plays a crucial role in emotion because it activates other systems that are needed for action, including the circulatory and respiratory system
Automatic
The ______ nervous system controls involuntary systems of the body, such as internal organs and glands
Autonomic
_____ is used in evaluating whether an individual is overweight. It is determined . by dividing weight-height ratio
BMI - body mass index
_____ is used in evaluating whether an individual is overweight. It is determined by dividing weight by height to yield a weight height ratio.
Body Mass Index
______________ is used in evaluating whether an individual is overweight. It is determined by dividing weight by height to yield a weight-height ratio.
Body Mass Index (BMI)
This is the model for positive emotions, which posits that they widen our cognitive perspective and help us acquire useful life skills.
Broaden and build theory
The etiology of eating disorders is complex. Which of the following factors have been linked to eating disorders?
Cognitive Cultural Social Biological
_____________ rules are learned norms or rules about when it is appropriate to show certain expressions of emotions and to whom one should show them.
Display
When do attempts to regulate emotion occur in the emotion process?
Early or Late
Drew is a swimmer. He wants to lose and maintain a healthy weight. What are some recommendations you would give to Drew to help him meet his goals?
Eat in moderation Ensure at least moderate physical activity each day for at least 30 minutes Drink plenty of water Get good sleep
According to the neurocultural theory of emotion, which of the following are examples of aspects of emotion that vary culture to culture?
Emotional regulation Appraisal of emotion-inducing stimuli
____________ are brief, acute changes in conscious experience and physiology that occur in response to a personally meaningful situation.
Emotions
Which of the following is NOT true about the physiological changes produced by emotions?
Emotions only activate the sympathetic branch of ANS, not parasympathetic
Motivation serves to _____ behavior
Energize & direct
Drew is a swimmer. He wants to lose and maintain a healthy weight. What are some recommendations you would give to Drew to help him meet his goals?
Ensure at least moderate physical activity each day for at least 30 minutes Eat in moderation Get good sleep Drink plenty of water
Arrange the phases of sexual arousal in their correct sequence from first (at the top) to last.
Excitement Plateau Orgasm Resolution
Atkinson argued that the tendency to achieve success is a function of three factors. If Yvonne believes she is very likely to achieve success in school and earn good grades, which factor is she demonstrating?
Expectation of success
____________ is a strategy for regulating emotion that involves a deliberate attempt to inhibit the outward display of an emotion.
Expressive suppression
which of the following are types of emotion regulation
Expressive suppression Reapprasial
three models of employee motivation
Extrinsic motivation Intrinsic motivation Perceived organizational support
According to the neurocultural theory of emotion, which of the following are examples of aspects of emotion that are similar in all humans?
Facial expressions Physiological changes
True of False: Weight which is less than 80% of what is considered normal for age and height is a main characteristic of bulimia nervosa.
False
________ is a simple sugar in the blood that provides energy for cells throughout the body, including the brain
Glucose
The yo-yo effect of losing and regaining weight from dieting is associated with
Heart Disease, stroke, diabetes and altered immune function.
________________ is the process by which all organisms work to maintain physiological equilibrium or balance around an optimal set point.
Homeostasis
Each of these brain areas is involved in emotion. Which is the primary pleasure and reward center?
Hypothalamus
In achievement motivation, which of the following are the factors important to incentive value?
Importance of succeeding Difficulty of the task
In achievement motivation, which of the following are the factors important to incentive value?
Importance of succeeding Difficulty of the task
If you anticipate that you will be getting a good grade, you are expecting a(n)
Incentive
Arousal approaches to motivation suggest that individuals will attempt to
Increase or reduce their level of arousal, depending on their internal state.
The subject in Ekman's facial feedback experiments experienced which of the following when professional actors made angry facial expressions?
Increased heart rate Increased body temperature
_____ motivation comes from within the person and includes the elements of challenge, enjoyment, mastery, and autonomy
Intrinsic
____________ motivation comes from within the person and includes the elements of challenge, enjoyment, mastery, and autonomy.
Intrinsic
the _____-_____ theory of emotion states that our perception of the physiological changes that accompany creates the subjective emotional experience
James-Lange
_____ is credited with the hierarchy of needs from the most basic physiological needs to the highest psychological ones
Maslow
A person with a high ______ will tend to expend more energy than is typical
Metabolism
an interest in establishing and maintaining relationships with other people
Need for affiliation
_________ are inherently biological states of deficiency (cellular or bodily) that compel drives
Needs
Which actually describes Yerkes-Dodson law?
Optimal performance is at moderate levels of arousal and arousal that is too low or too high leads to poor performance.
According to the ____________ _____________ theory, if pregnancy results from sexual intercourse, the cost of having sex is quite different for men and women.
Parental investment
Which of the following is/are true with regard to the relationship between the stomach and hunger?
People who have their stomachs removed for medical reasons still experience hunger Stomach contractions correspond with hunger pangs but they don't cause hunger
Which type of society places few restrictions on sex?
Permissive
According to neurocultural theory of emotions, which of the following are examples of aspects of emotion that are similar in all humans?
Physiological changes Facial expressions
Which of the following best describes "subjective well-being"?
Positive and negative affect Satisfaction in a variety of domains
____________ is an antecedent-focused emotion regulation strategy in which one reevaluates an event so that a different emotion results.
Reappraisal
which of the following are types of emotion regulation?
Reappraisal Expressive suppression
which of the following two needs must be met before moving higher up Maslow's hierarchy?
Safety Physiological
Life _____ is the term used to describe an overall evaluation we have of our lives
Satisfaction
Maslow's hierarchy of needs
Self-actualization Esteem Love and belongingness Safety and security Physiological
Order Maslow's hierarchy of needs from highest (top of list) to lowest.
Self-actualization Esteem needs Love and belongingness needs Safety and security needs Physiological needs
______ emotions are those that occur as a function of how well we live up to our expectations, the expectations of others, or rules set by society
Self-conscious
_________ emotions are those that occur as a function of how well we live up to our expectations, the expectations of others, or rules set by society.
Self-conscious
Which type of society places formal prohibitions on pre- and extramarital sex that are not strictly enforced
Semirestrictive
What happens to the sensation of hunger as blood glucose levels rise?
Sensation of hunger declines.
___________ is defined as actions and arousal involving stimulation of genitals which may or may not involve orgasm.
Sexual behavior
____________ is the disposition to be attracted to either the opposite sex, the same sex, or both sexes.
Sexual orientation
How many emotions are expressed facially in the same way by all members of the human race?
Six
What is motivation used to explain?
The behavior of humans and other organisms
How might the hormone leptin explain obesity?
The gene leptin, which suppresses appetite in some individuals and lead to obesity
What is the ideal Body Mass Index (BMI)?
The ideal BMI is between 20 and 25.
Which accurately describes the evolutionary theory?
The major motives all involve basic survival and reproduction needs and drives: hunger. thirst, body temperature regulation, oxygen, and sex.
Which of the following are true differences between men and women with regard to the plateau phase of sexual arousal?
The phase is almost always followed by orgasm in men The phase generally lasts longer in women
Which most accurately describes the Yerkes Dodson law?
The principle the moderate levels of arousal lead to optimal performance
Weight has been shown to have a very strong genetic influence. Thus, adopted children are more likely to resemble ______________.
Their biological parents
which of the following is False about basic emotions?
They are the only emotional states human can experience
which of the following statements is false of basic emotions?
They are the only emotional states humans can experience
The two most common myths about dieting are:
Thinking that low-fat and low-carb diets are good and high-carb diets are bad. Eating smaller, more frequent meals per day is one way to lose weight.
Which of the following is an example of a drive?
Thirst
Which group of individuals are more likely to be happier?
Those who found their meaning in life.
True or False: For many years, scientist suspected that sociocultural factors, such as media images of thin women and family pressures, were central determinant of anorexia nervosa and bullimia nervosa. But since the 1980s ,researchers have examined the interplay of social and biological factors in eating disorders.
True
True or False: Losing weight in adulthood does not decrease the number of fat cells.
True
True or False: Stomach contractions do not cause hunger.
True
True or False: The basic emotions are only a small set of infinite variety of emotional states humans can experience.
True
_________ means common to all human beings
Universal
What are the main principles of arousal approaches to motivation?
We seek to increase and/or decrease excitement to maintain a certain level.
what are the main principles of arousal approaches to motivation
We seek to increase and/or decrease excitement to maintain a certain level.
Which of the following describes drive-reduction theory?
When our physiological systems are out of balance or depleted, we are driven to reduce this depleted state.
According to the parental investment theory, which gender should be less motivated for sex?
Women
For which gender is the contribution to parenthood much greater - men or women?
Women
For whom does the plateau phase generally last longer?
Women
Who talks more about emotions - men or women?
Women
Who talks more about emotions - mens or women?
Women
Which of the following is FALSE with regard to research on gender and emotion?
Women feel emotion much more than men do.
The James-Lange theory of emotion suggest that emotions are
a reaction to changing physiological states
The James-Lange theory of emotion suggests that emotions are
a reaction to changing physiological states
Each emotion creates
a unique feeling
The need for ______ is stable, learned characteristic in which a person obtains satisfaction by striving for and attaining a level of excellence.
achievement
____ motivation involves a desire to do things well and overcome difficulties and obstacles
achievement
_____ motivation involves a desire to do things well and overcome difficulties and obstacles
achievement
______________ motivation involves a desire to do things well and overcome difficulties and obstacles.
achievement
the need for ____ is a stable, learned characteristic in which a person obtains satisfaction by striving for and attaining a level of excellence.
achievement
_____ are enduring aspects of our personalities that set the threshold for the occurence of certain emotional states.
affective traits
stable predispositions toward certain types of emotional responses are
affective traits
The need for _________ is an interest in establishing and maintaining relationship with other people.
affiliation
the need for _____ is an interest in establishing and maintaining relationships with other people
affiliation
The ___________ is a commonly studied brain structure that plays a crucial role in memory and emotion and research has focused on its appraisal of the emotional significance of stimuli, especially fear.
amygdala
the _____ appears to play a very important role in noticing fear-relevant information
amygdala
in defining emotions as a process, an _____ event is a situation that may lead to an emotional response
antecedent
In defining emotion as a process, a(n) _______________ is a situation that may lead to an emotional response.
antecedent event
the _____ is active when people either call or imagine emotional experience
anterior cingulate cortex
according to the view of emotions as a process, _____ initiate(s) the process by which emotions are elicited.
appraisal
with regard to the process of emotion, _____ is the evaluation of a situation with respect to how relevant it is to one's own welfare.
appraisal
The optimal ______ approach to motivation contends that we have a desired level of stimulation and will increase or decrease excitement as necessary to maintain that level
arousal
The optimal __________ approach to motivation contends that we have a desired level of stimulation and will increase or decrease excitement as necessary to maintain that level.
arousal
the optimal _____ approach to motivation contends that we have a desired level of stimulation and will increase or decrease excitement as necessary to maintain that level
arousal
The ____________ nervous system controls involuntary systems of body, such as internal organs and glands.
autonomic
The ____________ nervous system plays a crucial role in emotion because it activates other systems that are needed for action, including the circulatory and respiratory systems.
autonomic
the _____ nervous system controls involuntary systems of the body, such as internal organs and glands
autonomic
The six ___________ emotions (anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, suprise) are only a small set of infinite variety of emotional states human can experience.
basic
the six _____ emotions are only a small set of the infinite variety of emotional states humans can experience
basic
The hypothalamus monitors ____________ to determine when it is time to eat.
blood glucose levels
The ____________ model argues that positive emotions are adaptive because they help us to build our resources by expanding our attentional focus and encouraging us to "think outside the box."
broaden and build
Derek is a wrestler who must maintain a weight of 125 pounds. Unfortunately, Derek likes to eat pizza, fries, and desserts. After he eats too much, Derek will often make himself vomit in an attempt to avoid gaining weight. Derek is showing signs of
bulimia nervosa
the emotion process includes which of the following?
cognitive appraisal regulation antecedent event
some aspects of emotion are thought to be universal, which means which of the following?
common to all human beings and cultures around the world
the social norm set forth by our culture, which says that winners should not gloat, is an example of a(n)
display rule
Groups of American and Japanese students were shown a film of graphic medical procedure, both in the presence of an authority figure and alone. American student responded with disgust in both conditions, whereas Japanese students displayed disgust ONLY when alone. This study provides support for ____________ ____________.
display rules
Learned norms or rules about when it is appropriate to show certain expressions of emotions and to whom one should show them are _____.
display rules
stomach contractions
do not cause hunger
losing weight in adulthood
does not decrease the number of fat cells
A(n) ___________ is the motivation tension, or arousal, that energizes behavior to fulfill a need.
drive
An ______ is the motivational tension, or arousal, that energizes behavior to fulfill a need
drive
which model of motivation can be compared to the thermostat in your house?
drive-reduction
on a very hot day when we are extremely thirsty, we simply must get that drink of water. This illustrates the concept of ______
drives
what is the motivational tension, or arousal, that energizes behavior to fulfill a need called?
drives
when do attempt to regulate emotion occur in the emotion process?
early or late
The two most common myths about dieting are
eating smaller, more frequent meals per day is one way to lose weight thinking that low fat and low carb diets are good and high fat and high carb diets are bad
When ______, you might unintentionally reveal something about yourself, feel self conscious as if you violated some social norm, get giggly, and act as if you want to make amends for a social transgression.
embarrassed
_____ are brief, acute changes in conscious experience and physiology that occur in response to a personally meaningful situation
emotion
_____ refers to the cognitive and behavioral efforts people use to modify their emotions
emotion regulation
the physiological, behavioral/expressive, and subjective changes that occur when emotions are generated
emotional response
_____ are brief, acute changes in conscious experience and physiology that occur in response to a personally meaningful situation
emotions
the fact that sexual orgasm cannot occur unless the areas of the brain involved in fear and anxiety are shut down illustrates what basic feature or emotions versus drives?
emotions can override biological drives
Which of the following is NOT true about the physiological changes produced by emotions?
emotions only activate the sympathetic branch of the ANS, not parasympathetic
Extrinsic motivation, intrinsic motivation, and organizational support are three models of ___________ motivation.
employee
Maslow suggest that we want to feel good about who we are because this is part of meeting the ___________ need.
esteem
according to Maslow's theory, the need to develop a sense of self-worth by knowing that others know and value one's competence is called _____.
esteem
maslow suggests that we want to feel good about who we are because this part of meeting the _____ need.
esteem
The major sign of the ___________ phase is vaginal lubrication for women and erection for men.
excitement
the major sign of the _____ phase is vaginal lubrication for women and erection for men
excitement
Arrange the phases of sexual arousal in their correct sequence from first to last
excitement → plateau → orgasm → resolution
Phases of sexual arousal
excitement, plateau, orgasm, resolution
In achievement motivation, the _____ refers to an individual's evaluation of the likelihood of success
expectation of success
_____ is a deliberate attempt to inhibit the outward display of an emotion.
expressive suppression
________ is a response-focused strategy for regulating emotion that involves the deliberate attempt to inhibit the outward manifestation of an emotion
expressive-suppression
_____ motivation comes from outside the person and usually involves rewards and praises
extrinsic
___________ motivation comes from outside the person and usually involves rewards and praises.
extrinsic
According to Ekman, basic emotions are not single states but represent categories or groups of related emotions called emotion _____
families
According to Ekman, basic human emotions are not single states but represent categories or groups of related emotions called emotion __________________.
families
According to Ekman, basic emotions are not single states but represent categories or groups of related emotions called an emotion
family
Which of the following is NOT generally associated with embarrassment?
feeling puffed up with pride
The hypothalamus triggers the drive to obtain food when __________, a simple sugar in the blood that provides energy for cells, is low.
glucose
the hypothalamus triggers the drive to obtain food when _____. a simple sugar in the blood that provides energy for cells, is low.
glucose
Although many facial expressions of emotion are understood universally, _____________ is the emotion that is most recognizable.
happiness
what is the most recognizable facial expression of emotion?
happiness
In addition to blood sugar (glucose) and the hypothalamus, and as discussed in this chapter, what is another important biological system involved in regulating hunger?
hormones
Which of the following is NOT a self-conscious emotion?
hostility
The _____ appears to be a pleasure or reward center and is, therefore, related to positive emotions
hypothalamus
The _________ is the brain structure crucial to sexual behavior. In particular, lesions on part of this area have led to decreases in sexual behavior, while electrical stimulation of this area may lead to increased sexual behavior.
hypothalamus
The ______________ is the brain structure crucial to sexual behavior. In particular, lesions on part of this brain area have led to decreases in sexual behavior, while electrical stimulation of this area may lead to increased sexual behavior
hypothalamus
the _____ is the brain structure crucial to sexual behavior
hypothalamus
_____ is an anticipated reward
incentive
in achievement motivation, _____ stems from two factors: the importance of succeeding ad the difficulty of the task
incentive value
arousal approaches to motivation suggest that individuals will attempt to
increase or reduce their level of arousal, depending on their internal state
The subjects in Ekman's facial feedback experiments experienced which of the following when professional actors mace angry facial expressions?
increased body temperature Increased heart rate
Emotional _____ is defined as empathic understanding and the ability to recognize and to regulate emotions in oneself and others
intelligence
Emotional ______ is defined as empathic understanding and the ability to recognize and to regulate emotions in oneself and others
intelligence
Emotional ___________ is defined as empathic understanding and to regulate emotions in oneself and others
intelligence
_____ motivation comes from within the person and includes the elements of challenge, enjoyment, mastery and autonomy
intrinsic motivation
The gene for the hormone ______, which suppresses appetite, may be mutated in some individuals and lead to obesity
leptin
most research on weight loss has reported that
losing weight is relatively easy initially, but keeping it off is very difficult
evidence suggests that a core set of facial expression of emotion are universal because
many facial expressions are recognized across cultures
which of the following best represents male attitudes about variety and greater numbers of sexual partners?
men prefer greater numbers o sexual partners than women in both the short-term and the long-term
A person with a low ________ will tend to expand less energy than is typical.
metabolism
a person with a high _____ will tend to expand more energy than is typical
metabolism
Transient changes in affect that fluctuate throughout the day or over several days are called _____
moods
Transient changes in affect that fluctuate throughout the day or over several days are called ____________.
moods
which kind of emotion phrases are women more apt to use than men?
more specific comments, such as "I am upset and angry"
Marslow's model of motivation is hierarchical. This means that, in his model, individuals focus first on the __________ and progress to the ____________.
most basic and physiological needs: highest and more psychological needs
Atkinson argued that the tendency to achieve success is a function of three factors. The extent to which you really want to be successful is the factor he called
motivation to succeed
Which factor on the tendency to achieve success involves the extent to which you really want to be successful?
motivation to succeed
Biological states of deficiency that compel drives, such as those for food or water, are called _____
needs
Food, water, and oxygen are examples of _____________.
needs
______ are inherently biological states of deficiency (cellular or bodily) that compel drives
needs
you are walking alone in a forest at night with a flashlight. you drop and break your flashlight, and your hands begin to tremble. According to the James-Lange theory, you are afraid because you
notice your hands begin to tremble
Which most accurately describes the Yerkes-Dodson law?
optimal performance is at moderate levels of arousal that is too low or too high leads to poor performance
Perceived ____________ _______________ is an employee's belief about how much the organization appreciates and supports his or her contributions and well-being.
organizational support
according to the _____ theory, the cost of reproduction are generally much higher for women than men. While men need only sex reproduce, women carry a child, endure labor and delivery, and are generally more involved in child care
parental investment
Which of the following is/are true with regard the relationship between the stomach and hunger?
people who have their stomachs removed for medical reasons with experience hunger, stomach contractions correspond with hunger pangs, but they do not cause hunger
_____ is an employee's belief about how much the organization appreciates and supports his or her contributions and well-being
perceived organizational support
which type of society places few restrictions on sex?
permissive
which of the following does the emotional response not include?
personality changes
According to Maslow, the most basic needs are
physiological
increases in the heart rate are examples of _____ changes produced by emotions
physiological
Unlike men, women may stay in the ________ phase and then pass to the __________ phase without orgasm.
plateau, resolution
unlike men, women may stay in the _____ phase and then pass the _____ phase without orgasm
plateau; resolution
The amygala
plays an important role in recognizing the emotional significance of stimuli
Due to its involvement in planning, impulse control, and working memory, the ______ plays a role in the appraisal and reappraisal of emotion
prefrontal cortex
_____ is an antecedent-focused emotion regulation strategy in which one reevaluates an event so that a different emotion results
reappraisal
which of the following are types of emotion regulation?
reappraisal; expressive suppression
Emotion __________ refers to cognitive and behavioral efforts people use to modify their emotions.
regulation
The emotion process includes which of the following?
regulation cognitive appraisal antecedent event
An emotional ___________ involves the physiological, behavioral/expressive, and subjective changes that occur when emotions are generated.
response
Life __________ is the term used to describe an overall evaluation we have of our lives.
satisfaction
According to drive reduction approaches, we do things in order to
satisfy a biological need
According to drive-reduction approaches, we do things in order to _____.
satisfy a biological need
When a person is realizing their highest potential, he or she is
self- actualizing
is a person reaches the highest level of self-fulfillment and has realized his or her highest potential, Maslow would say he or she has reached a state of _____-_____.
self-actualization
______ emotions are those that occur as a function of how well we livd up to our expectations, the expectations of others, or rules set by society
self-conscious
Which type of society places formal prohibitions on pre- and extramarital sex that are not strictly enforce
semi-restrictive
_____ is defined as actions and arousal involving stimulation for genitals which may or may now involve orgasm
sexual behavior
actions and arousal involving stimulation of the genitals, which may or may not involve orgasm.
sexual behavior
_____ is the disposition to be attracted to either the opposite sex, the same sex or both sexes
sexual orientation
________ is the disposition to be attracted to either the opposite sex, the same sex, or both sexes
sexual orientation
which of the following is not a basic emotion?
shame
One of the reasons it is difficult for many people to keep off weight is that the ___________ of fat cells can change with dieting, but the _________ of fat cells doesn't change much after adolescence.
size, number
What are the four biological components of hunger?
stomach blood brain hormones
Which of the following is/are true with regard between the stomach and hunger?
stomach contractions correspond with hunger pains but do not cause hunger People who have either stomachs removed for medical reasons still experience hunger
The changes in the quality of our conscious experience that occur during emotional responses best describes the __________experience of emotion.
subjective
the changes in the quality of our conscious experienced that occur during emotional responses best describes the _____ experience of emotion
subjective
Although _____ is the major male sex hormone, it controls the sex drive in both men and women
testosterone
Although _________ is the major male sex hormone, it controls the sex drive in both men and women.
testosterone
although _____ is a major male sex hormone, it controls the sex drive in both men and women
testosterone
which of the following statements is False?
testosterone is associated with sex drive in men only
What is motivation used to explain?
the behavior of humans and other organisms
How might the hormone leptin explain obesity?
the gene for leptin, which suppresses appetite, may be mutated in some individuals and lead to obesity
Most evidence in dieting research suggests that dieting does not work for
the long-term
most evidence in dieting research suggests that dieting does not work for
the long-term
Hypothalamus
the primary pleasure and reward center
The ideal fixed setting of particular physiological system, such as internal body temperature, is called ____________.
the set point
What are the four biological components of hunger?
the stomach, the blood, the brain, and hormones
Affect is
the variety of emotional phenomena, including emotions and moods
Affect is
the variety of emotional phenomena, including emotions and moods.
which group of individuals are more likely to be happier
those who found their meaning in life
Each emotion creates a different subjective experience, and each produces a _____ feeling
unique
Each emotion creates a different subjective experience, and each produces a(n) ___________ feeling.
unique
One might say facial expressions are both ____________ and __________.
universal and innate
an individual can use positive emotions to see
unusual possibilities and think creatively when problem-solving, building resources, or branching out socially
what are the man principles of arousal approaches to motivation?
we seek to decrease excitement when necessary to maintain a certain level, we seek to increase excitement when necessary to maintain a certain level
What are the main principles of arousal approaches to motivation?
we seek to increase and/or decrease excitement to maintain a certain level
Life satisfaction, domain satisfaction, and positive and negative affect comprise the state known as subjective _______
well-being
Life satisfaction, domain satisfaction, and positive and negative affect comprise the state known as subjective ___________.
well-being
life satisfaction, domain satisfaction, and positive and negative affect comprise the state known as subjective ______.
well-being
The broaden-and-build theory posits that positive emotions
widen our cognitive perspective and help us acquire useful life skills
According to parental investment theory, which gender should be less motivated for sex?
women
for which gender is the contribution to parenthood much greater- men or women?
women
for whom does the plateau phase generally last longer?
women
which of the following are true with regard to research on gender and emotion?
women feel more emotions and talk more about emotions than men do
