Psychology Chapter 11

_____ conducted the Stanford Prison Experiment of social roles.

Philip Zimbardo

_____ aggression is exemplified by starting malicious gossip about a rival.

Relational

_____ has an individual focus, while _____ has a group focus.

Social psychology; sociology

The pioneering "line-length" studies of conformity were conducted by:

Solomon Asch.

There is an increased likelihood of conformity in all of the following options EXCEPT when you:

are confident in your ability to perform the task.

Julia can't stop thinking about her date with Tory last week. She wonders why Tory didn't text or call her since they seemed to have a good time together. Julia concludes that Tory must not have liked her after all. Julia has made a(n) _____ about Tory and their date.

attribution

Social cognition includes the study of:

attributions and attitudes.

Fear-inducing messages:

can be effective if they are logical.

The _____ route to persuasion is defined by a focus on the content of a message.

central

People often rely too heavily on _____ attributions in explaining others' behavior.

dispositional

A job applicant is 5 minutes late for an interview. The interviewer assumes that the applicant is not serious about the job, and he fails to consider that she may have had difficulty finding a parking spot. The interviewer is demonstrating the:

fundamental attribution error.

People frequently fail to consider the influence of external circumstances on others' behavior. This is called the:

fundamental attribution error.

Group members sometimes fail to consider a range of viewpoints and alternatives in an effort to maintain cohesiveness and a "united front." This is called:

groupthink

The tendency to assume that attractive people also have other positive qualities is one example of the _____ effect.

halo

People are MOST persuadable when they are:

happy.

One's view of oneself within a social group is called one's social:

identity.

Social loafing is MOST pronounced in _____ cultures such as _____.

individualistic; the United States

An attribution is a(n):

inference about the cause of a behavior.

Sternberg's triangular model of love uses the term "infatuation" to describe a relationship that contains:

passion with neither intimacy nor commitment.

Racist attitudes are an example of _____, while negative treatment toward others based on race is an example of _____.

prejudice; discrimination

One is more likely to fall for the girl or boy "around the corner," rather than the girl or boy across town. This example supports the role of _____ in interpersonal attraction.

proximity

Sternberg's triangular model of love does NOT include:

proximity

The key elements of persuasion were identified by _____ during World War II.

Carl Hovland

_____ love tends to grow over time in a relationship.

Companionate

Laxmi is a mother. The responsibilities and expectations associated with this position constitute a social:

role.

A dating couple who are not yet engaged are MOST likely experiencing _____ love.

romantic

Kanye believes he has done well in soccer because he is a natural athlete. However, when he loses a match he blames the weather or claims the other team was cheating. Kanye seems to be prone to the:

self-serving bias.

Aggression is linked to low levels of the neurotransmitter:

serotonin.

Avani has practiced her violin solo. Due to a phenomenon called _____, the presence of an audience at the upcoming recital should _____ her performance.

social facilitation; improve

Ron is in a large group of students that must work together on a final project in his chemistry class. Because there are so many people in the group, many of the group members, including Ron, have put forth very little effort toward the project. This example illustrates:

social loafing.

Deception is _____ in social psychological research.

sometimes necessary

Beliefs about people who differ from oneself that are based on group membership are called:

stereotypes.

British novelist C. P. Snow said, "When you think of the long and gloomy history of man, you will find that far more . . . crimes have been committed in the name of obedience than have ever been committed in the name of rebellion." Snow's statement is _____ by the research of _____.

supported; Stanley Milgram

A research assistant is debriefing her participants after their contribution to the study has concluded. The research assistant is:

telling participants about any deception used in the study.

Diffusion of responsibility may help explain:

the bystander effect.

The tendency for people to avoid helping in an emergency is called:

the bystander effect.

Conformity is reduced when:

there is at least one person who goes against the group.

Robert Sternberg's model of love contains _____ dimensions.

three

Compliance refers to:

voluntary changes in one's behavior at the request of an individual without true authority.

The behavioral element of a prejudicial attitude toward others is:

discrimination.

Altruistic behavior is apparent among children as young as _____ of age.

18 months

Showing favoritism or hostility toward others because of their group affiliation is called:

discrimination.

The cognitive component of a prejudicial attitude is _____, whereas its emotional component is _____.

a stereotype; prejudice

Attitudes are:

affective, cognitive, and behavioral.

The tension that results when a behavior contradicts with an attitude is known as:

cognitive dissonance.

In Milgram's obedience experiment, the "teacher" was an individual secretly working for the researchers. This individual was a(n):

confederate.

In one social psychological experiment, each participant is introduced to an attractive stranger. However, these "strangers" are secretly working for the experimenter. The strangers are called:

confederates.

Men are more likely to exhibit _____ aggression, while women are more likely to exhibit _____ aggression.

direct; relational

A small request is more often granted after a larger one is first refused. This phenomenon is known as the _____ technique.

door-in-the-face

Gina asks her roommate for $50. Her roommate refuses. Gina then asks for $20, and her roommate agrees. The roommate probably would have refused to lend the money if Gina had simply asked for $20 in the first place. Gina successfully employed the _____ technique.

door-in-the-face

In terms of Sternberg's triangular model, a couple in a long-standing, "loveless" marriage is experiencing _____ love.

empty

People reflect the self-serving bias when they make _____ attributions for their failures.

external

Most people assume that, in a given situation, others would act the same way they themselves would. This phenomenon is the:

false consensus effect.

Jayne and Richie have been married for 10 years. However, there is little real intimacy in their relationship; instead, it is based mainly on their sexual chemistry. Jayne and Richie are experiencing _____ love.

fatuous

People may be more willing to grant a large favor if they have already granted a smaller one. This phenomenon is known as the _____ technique.

foot-in-the-door

A student fails to speak or raise his hand in class all semester. The teacher assumes that the student is exceptionally shy. The teacher is making a(n) _____ attribution.

internal

Dispositional attributions are a type of _____ attribution, while situational attributions are a type of _____ attribution.

internal; external

Robert Sternberg's triangular model of love is based on the dimensions of:

intimacy, passion, and commitment.

Blaming a victim for the crime, such as blaming rape victims for how they dressed or acted, is due to the:

just-world hypothesis.

People are often surprised when bad things happen to good people. This reaction BEST supports the:

just-world hypothesis.

Sternberg's model uses the term _____ to describe a relationship that has intimacy but no passion or commitment.

liking

Josh and Donna are discussing the latest release by their favorite band. "I didn't like it at first, but now that I've played it a few times, I love it!" Donna states. Donna's remark exemplifies the _____ effect.

mere-exposure

New things tend to "grow" on a person. That is, one likes them more when one has become accustomed to them. This phenomenon is due to the _____ effect.

mere-exposure

Gloria started drinking coffee in high school because all of her friends did and she wanted to be like them. Gloria is exhibiting _____ social influence.

normative

People often conform to gain approval. This phenomenon is known as _____ social influence.

normative