PSYCHOLOGY CHAPTER 12

Travis is part of a group playing tug-of-war. He knows that his team is stronger, so he doesn't try as hard as he could. Travis is engaged in ________.

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Which of the following is an example of actor-observer bias?

Akbar believes he is unable to stop gambling because his friends all gamble and are a bad influence, yet Tim is unable to stop gambling because he is addicted to gambling.

Who conducted the Stanford prison experiment?

Zimbardo

Behavior is a product of both the situation and the person. Which of the following is an example of a situation that might influence behavior?

being in a crowd of bystanders when you witness someone fainting

Ashley and Mikhail share their intimate thoughts and emotions, are physically attracted to each other, and agree to support each other. Their love is called ________.

consummate

What is groupthink?

modification of the opinions of members of a group to align with what they believe is the group consensus

When it comes to social psychology, a script is a ________.

person's knowledge about the sequence of events in a specific setting

When it comes to relationships, we expect to share thoughts, feelings, and ideas in a mutual exchange called ________.

reciprocity

Diane and Bruce share their intimate thoughts and emotions and are physically attracted to each other, but their love does not contain any expectations beyond that. Their love is called ________.

romantic

Which of the following strategies would effectively prevent groupthink from occurring?

seeking outside opinions on group decisions

Following an outcome, ________ are those attributions that enable us to see ourselves in favorable light.

self-serving bias

Penny gets an acting job on Friday that she attributes to her good acting. She doesn't get the next acting job; therefore, she blames the casting director for not wanting to hire a woman. This is an example of ________.

self-serving bias

David attempts to minimize the costs of his relationship with Daniel while maximizing benefits. He enjoys Daniel's company, but he tries to avoid helping him move. This is an example of the ________ theory.

social exchange

Who was Stanley Milgram?

social psychology professor at Yale who wanted to test the defense of "I was just following orders" typically used by accused Nazis

What is a social role?

socially defined pattern of behavior that is expected of a person in a given setting or group

The ________ is demonstrated by the attack on Kitty Genovese.

bystander effect

Which of the following best defines the Asch effect?

influence of the group majority on an individual's judgment

Which of the following is an example of the self-fulfilling prophecy?

telling someone with dyslexia she cannot learn to read, leading her to become illiterate even though she could learn to read with a bit of extra effort

The ________ effect focuses on the influence of the group majority on an individual's judgment.

Asch

Which of the following is an example of a self-serving bias?

Leonard attributes earning a good grade in his psychology class to the fact that he is an exceptionally hard working student who is also incredibly smart. He blames the poor grade he received in his sociology class on having a bad teacher who gave hard exams.

Which of the following best exemplifies prosocial behavior?

Tyler visits his aunt once a week to bring her groceries.

What was the major flaw in the Stanford prison experiment?

Zimbardo did not use a control group.

Which of the following is the best example of central route persuasion?

anti-smoking advertisements that use charts and graphs to show how many people die from smoking-related causes each year

A(n) ________ is the evaluation of or feelings toward a person, idea, or object that are typically positive or negative.

attitude

Which type of persuasion involves logic-driven arguments using data and facts to convince people of an argument's worthiness?

central route

The field of social psychology studies topics at the intrapersonal level. These topics include ________.

emotions and attitudes, the self, and social cognition

Mark and Rosa commit to support each other, but they have no real physical passion and do not share their thoughts and feelings. Their love is called ________.

empty

Which type of persuasion involves encouraging a person to agree to a small favor or to buy a small item, only to later request a larger favor or purchase of a larger item?

foot-in-the-door

Social psychology is a field that studies both interpersonal and intrapersonal behavior. Which of the following is an example of interpersonal behavior?

group processes

What is modification of the opinions of members of a group to align with what they believe is the group consensus?

groupthink

Jasmin belongs to the chess club on her campus. She prefers to associate with other members of the chess club while avoiding people that do not belong to this group. Jasmin has a(n) ________ bias.

in-group

Which type of social influence involves conformity to a group norm prompted by the belief that the group is competent and has the correct information?

informational

Which type of persuasion involves an indirect route that relies on association of peripheral cues to associate positivity with a message?

peripheral route

Heather and Mike share the household chores as equally as possible. They take turns with the cooking and driving their son to daycare. Both of them work outside the home, and each of them takes responsibility for child care one night a week to give the other one a break. We can say that their relationship has ________.

reciprocity

Dale thinks that women shouldn't work outside the home and vows never to hire a woman at his bank. Dale's attitudes and planned course of action are ________.

sexist

Anna thinks that Bill is rude to her because she had to seat him in a noisy, crowded area of the restaurant. Anna takes a ________ view of Bill.

situationist

What is the main point of the Stanford prison experiment?

social roles are powerful determinants of human behavior

Fatima generalizes that all men are irresponsible players, cheaters, and liars. When it comes to men, Fatima may be applying ________: negative beliefs about individuals based solely on their membership in a group.

stereotypes

What is a major problem with the original Milgram study?

Milgram lied to his respondents, making his study borderline unethical.

Which of the following is the best example of peripheral route persuasion?

anti-smoking advertisements that rely on celebrity spokespeople advocating for reduction in cigarette use