Psychology Chapter 14 - Exam 4

What is the definition of conformity?

A change in behavior brought about by following the standards of others

What is the term for the intentional injury of, or harm to, another person?

Aggression

______ is defined as the intentional injury of, or harm to, another person.

Aggression

_____ are the inferences we make about the causes of other people's behavior.

Attributions

In one study, bees were bred to have various degrees of genetic relatedness and then released near an already overcrowded nest watched by guard bees. Which bees were most likely to be allowed in?

Closely related bees

is a change in behavior or attitudes brought about by a desire to follow the beliefs or standards of other people.

Conformity

of responsibility is the tendency for people to feel that responsibility for acting is shared, or diffused, among those present.

Diffusion

____ is the ability to share the feelings of others and understand their situation.

Empathy

Prejudice can operate both inside and outside a person's awareness. ____ biases are plainly stated where as ____ biases are indirect and often inside as hidden messages.

Explicit; implicit

True or false: According to Sternberg, different types of love involve different levels of its two components: companionate love and passionate love.

False

True or false: Online dating behavior is completely different than face-to-face dating behavior

False

Which of the following is an example of mere exposure?

Finding a person attractive because you bump into them frequently

Murderers are known to have incurred head injuries with the resultant damage affecting impulse control, emotional intelligence, working memory, and attention. Which area of the brain is known to control these functions?

Frontal lobe

is a situation in which the thinking of the group takes over, so much that group members forgo logic or critical analysis in the service of reaching a decision.

Groupthink

is a type of thinking in which group members share such a strong motivation to achieve consensus that they lose the ability to critically evaluate alternate points of view.

Groupthink or group think

A person is in a very bad mood and punches a wall out of anger. This is an example of which kind of aggression?

Hostile

You are driving down the road and someone cuts you off. You honk your horn and the other driver makes an obscene hand gesture at you (the aggressive act). This is an example of which type of aggression?

Hostile

biases are indirect and often inside as hidden messages such as "Why don't you come home with me to watch a movie" when the real message is "I want to have sex with you."

Implicit

According to Sternberg, which of the following are major component(s) of companionate love specifically? Companionship Passion Intimacy Commitment

Intimacy Commitment

In one study, bees were bred to have various degrees of genetic relatedness and then released near an already overcrowded nest watched by guard bees. More closely related bees were allowed in. Which evolutionary theory of altruism best explains this?

Kin selection

______ _______ is the idea that direct experience with an object, idea, or person increases our overall preference for it.

Mere exposure

Which of the following terms is used to describe a kind of conformity in which people yield to the social pressure of an authority figure?

Obedience

is a change in behavior in response to the commands of others.

Obedience, Obediance, Obediense, or Obedianse

What helps explain why there are sex differences in attraction?

Parental investment is greater for women than men.

Which of the following components of love according to Sternberg involve the motivational drives relating to sex, physical closeness, and romance?

Passion

What would a social psychologist be most likely to study?

Personal attitudes and the perception of others

Which of the following is NOT one of the three components of love, according to Sternberg?

Physical attraction

______ is a negative evaluation of an individual based on their group membership.

Prejudice

The act of helping others in the hope that they will help us in the future is known as what?

Reciprocal altruism

_________ organize information stored in memory, represent in our minds the way the social world operates, and give us a framework to recognize, categorize, and recall information relating to social stimuli such as people and groups.

Schemas

Which theory states that men and women face different problems when they seek out mates, and thus approach relationships in very different ways?

Sexual strategies theory

The fact that roommates who became real friends had common backgrounds, identical majors, and close political viewpoints illustrates the effect of which factor on liking?

Similarity

perception is the term used to describe the way in which we make sense of our world and how we view our own behavior and the behavior of others.

Social

psychology is the scientific study of how people's thoughts, feelings, and actions are affected by others.

Social

are schemas about people based on what they are likely to do or be like based on groups to which they belong.

Stereotypes

Which of the following is the definition of attributions?

The inferences made about the causes of others' behavior

What is the determining factor in diffusion of responsibility?

The size of the group

Which of the following is the definition of social perception?

The way in which we make sense of our world and how we view our own behavior and the behavior of others

True or false: According to Sternberg, different types of love are characterized by different combinations of commitment, intimacy, and passion.

True

True or false: Dating behavior is often governed by personality, socioeconomic status, and race, in both online as well as face-to-face dating.

True

True or false: We are more likely to be attracted to people who are similar to us in ideas, values, beliefs, and interests.

True

What is NOT a consequence of perceiving others as different from us?

We see the opportunity to learning something new about another group of people.

Which of the following are consequences of perceiving others as different from us?

We sometimes evaluate and treat people differently because of the group they belong to. It hurts to be excluded from our group. Our actions are based on ingroup/outgroup distinctions.

Which of the following is the definition of social facilitation?

When the presence of others improves our performance

According to the empathy-altruism hypothesis, when are we more willing to offer help?

When we identify with the victim

Prejudice is

a negative evaluation of an individual based on their group membership.

Reciprocal ______ is the act of helping others in the hope that they will help us in the future.

altruism

The term ______ refers to helping behavior that is beneficial to others but clearly requires self-sacrifice.

altruism

Empathy can motivate

altruism.

Ito strongly dislikes products that use animal testing. This strong feeling would be best described as a(n) _____.

attitude

Kadji has a strong preference for organic products. This strong feeling would be best described as a(n) _____.

attitude

Discrimination is

behavior directed toward individuals on the basis of their group membership.

Rafael threw away a shelf full of magazines even though he usually feels strongly about recycling. After throwing all of those recyclables in the trash, he is likely experiencing _______ ________.

cognitive dissonance

Zahara has cheated on an exam in spite of very strongly believing in being an honest person. She is most likely experiencing

cognitive dissonance.

In ______ love, intimacy and commitment are high and passion is low.

companionate

When you are sharing the feelings of others or demonstrating an understanding of what a person is feeling, you are engaging in

empathy.

Social ____ is when the presence of others improves our performance.

facilitation

Identify the brain areas that are associated with aggression.

hypothalamus prefrontal cortex amygdala

According to evolutionary psychology, _________ value qualities that may signal fertility and availability whereas _______ value their partner having the resources to support their offspring.

men; women

Buss (1999) found that ________ report wanting 18 different partners through their lifetime whereas ________ want only 4 to 5.

men; women

In social psychology, when discussing group behavior, a single person or small group is called the ________ whereas the larger group is referred to as the majority.

minority

In social psychology, when discussing group behavior, a single person or small group is called the ____ and the larger group is referred to as the _____.

minority; majority

"Boys don't cry," Don't pick your nose in public," and "Don't be a sore loser" are examples of social _______

norms

Social ______ are rules about acceptable behavior imposed by the cultural context in which one lives.

norms

Sex differences in attraction arise because _____.

parental investment is greater for women than men

Social psychologists typically refer to helping others as _____ behavior.

prosocial

______ behavior is also called helping behavior.

prosocial

We tend to put information into ____, which are ways of knowing that affect how we view our social world.

schemas

A(n) _______ is a schema of how people are likely to behave based simply on groups to which they belong.

stereotype