Psychology Chapter 7

Henry must study for three finals and write a term paper in six days. He has decided to devote 15 hours of preparation time to his History of modern China exam. What would be the best allocation of his time? Study_____

3 hours a day for 5 days

Out of all cases in which an innocent person has been cleared of a crime due to DNA evidence, how many involved mistaken identification of the perpetrator by an eyewitness?

75%

In a study in 1995, elderly rats that performed well in a maze had higher levels of___synthesis than their less capable peers.

Acetylcholine

In one of Elizabeth Loftus's research experiments, she superimposed real family photos of her study participants onto a picture of a hot air balloon ride. What was the result?

Fifty percent of participants "remembered" having taken the balloon ride in childhood.

According to the levels of processing theory, who will be able to remember the most definitions of the vocabulary words in a given chapter?

Pat, who takes turns with her roommate defining and explaining each term

According to the Atkinson and Shiffrin model of memory, information flows through three stages. What illustrates the correct flow of information in this model?

Sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory.

Allan and Bob are debating the true meaning of the term memory. How does your textbook define this process?

The ability to retain knowledge

In a study, participants viewed short videos of automobile accidents. One group was asked how fast the cars were going when they hit each other? A second group was asked how fast the cars were going when they smashed each other? Then a week later both groups were asked to recall seeing glass on the road after the accident (there was no glass on the road in the video). What is true regarding the study?

Those that heard smashed were almost three times more likely than those that heard hit to report seeing glass.

A cue is___

a stimulus that aids retrieval of information

A flashbulb memory is____

an especially vivid and detailed memory of an emotional event

Under the spreading activation model what concept or property would have the weakest connection with the word "rose" for most people?

aunt

The "magic number 7 plus or minus 2" refers to the___memory.

capacity of short-term

Interference is____

competition between newer and older information in memory.

What is the correct ordering of the processes of memory?

encoding, storage, and retrieval

Matt remembers visiting Disney World and Sea World in Florida with his family when he was eight years old. This is an example of

episodic memory

What is true about Episodic memory?

episodic memory is organized as a time line

Roger is preparing for his final exam Bioethics. The most difficult type of question for him on the exam, in terms of memory retrieval, will most likely be____

essay

State-dependent memory means that a person has better recall of material that is learned____.

in a similar physiological state or mood

The spreading activation model proposes that people organize general knowledge based on____

individual experiences

The final stage of the Atkinson-Shiffrin model refers to the location of permanent memories. This is called___memory.

long-term

Recognition tasks are easier than recall tasks because they provide____

more cues

Someone who forgets to do something several days after its due date is an example of_____.

motivated forgetting

The hippocampus____

participates in the consolidation of information into long-term memory

Episodic memories are affected by damage to the____

prefrontal cortex

Priming is a change in a response to a stimulus as a result of exposure to a____

previous stimulus

An implicit memory for how to carry out a skilled movement is called____

procedural memory

Chunking is the____.

process of grouping similar or meaningful information together

Benicio is studying for his Sensation and Perception exam by explaining terms and concepts to his friend Catherine in his own words and by providing self-referential examples. This is called____

recitation

Someone who has to recite something by memory is probably likely to repeat the information to themselves over and over again. This is called____.

rehearsal

Mr. Langley's former high school Latin students are holding a reunion twenty-five years later. He surprises them with a vocabulary game show quiz. His students most likely____

retained much of the vocabulary they knew in high school.

A set of expectations aboobjects and situations is called a

schema

Marietta has memorized the capital cities of all fifty states. This is an example of____

semantic memory

The first stage of the Atkinson-Shiffrin model involved the retention of large amounts of information for a limited time. This is called____

sensory memory

The second stage of the Atkinson-Shiffrin model holds a small amount of information for a limited time. This is called___

short-term memory

The tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon reflects that retrieval is a____

step-by-step process that moves closer to the target

In most cases, information moves from short-term or working memory to long-term memory through___.

the method of loci