Psychology Chapter 9

Repression

avoiding

Components of Carl Roger's idea of self-concept

self-worth ideal self self-image

Carl Rogers concept self-concept is made up of a persons 3 things:

self-worth self-image ideal-self

A runner who trains twice as hard after suffering a big loss in a race is experiencing _____

sublimation

Projection

take your unacceptable desire and you project it onto somebody else

A statistic for measuring how much a trait in one twin compares or contrasts with the same trait in the other twin is the

correlation coefficient

How does the reality principle work?

It interprets the desires of the id and superego and puts them into actions.

A therapist who shows unconditional positive regard will

Accept and respect the client regardless of the client's mistakes.

Definition of Freud's stages of psychosexual development.

An explanation of personality which rests on the idea that humans go through phases, beginning in infancy through adulthood, in which we are fixated on certain body parts.

According to Freud, someone who compulsively bites their nails might have experienced which of the following as a young child?

An overly restrictive breastfeeding schedule

When Lynn is doing her homework by hand, she will copy the homework over and over until there are no mistakes in her handwriting. Apply the stages of psychosexual development to Lynn's compulsion. Being stuck in which stage would cause Lynn to be obsessed with order?

Anal compulsive

Humanistic psychology suggests that people:

Are fundamentally good

How would someone who was irritable be viewed in light of the humorism of the ancient Greeks?

As having an excess of yellow bile

Carl Rogers' therapy included emphasis on:

Being non-judgmental Empathy Honesty Openness

Which type of therapy encourages patients to find solutions to their own problems?

Client-centered

humanistic branch of psychology?

Client-centered therapy that helps individuals reach their full potential.

Identify the psychosexual stage in which children become independent of their parents and sexuality becomes aimed at other people

Genital stage

How is George Valliant important to the study of Freudian defense mechanisms?

He added defense mechanisms to the list and classified them into levels.

According to Freud, how might parents being overly demanding during toilet training affect a person's development?

He might become obsessed with control and order

Which of the following describes Freud's legacy?

He provided a model for thinking about personalities.

Jared is very even-keeled and rolls with the punches whether at work or home. His friend Bill, on the other hand, easily becomes anxious and overwhelmed in many situations. What difference would you DEFINITELY expect if the two friends' personality traits were tested?

Jared would have a lower level of neuroticism than Bill.

Cece went for a walk in the park. Along one of the hiking trails, she spotted a $20 bill on the ground. No one was around to claim it. What would her superego tell her to do?

Leave the money right where it is. The owner will realize it's missing and come back for it.

4 levels of defense mechanisms

Pathological Immature Neurotic Mature

neuroticism

People who are high on this trait, they tend to be really prone to bad emotions - like anxiety, depression, anger

Agreeable

compassionate and they really like working with others to solve problems.

Researchers plan a study to find the proportion of identical twins that both suffer from depression. This is an example of the researchers determining the _

concordance rate

A man who yells at his dog when he's upset with his girlfriend is experiencing ____

displacement

A highly energetic person who is considered the life of the party may score highly in ___

extraversion

Studies suggest that personality results from a mix of sources like:

family, friends, genetics, and experiences over time.

In family studies, the proband refers to the _____.

first person being studied

The Minnesota Twin Study found that _____.

identical twins raised apart are about as similar as those raised together

Freud believed children's personalities, including any problems caused by improper weaning or toilet training, become solidified during the _____ stage of psychosexual development.

latency

In what area would someone who is an avid daydreamer, voracious reader, and rock climber most probably have a high score?

openness to experience

A person who 'accidentally' deletes a coworker's presentation because the coworker forgot their lunch date is expressing

passive aggression

According to Freud, the phases of psychosexual development establish our _____.

personality

openness scale

really curious about the world and they seek adventure, they want new experiences, they want new ideas

Phrenology associates personality and character traits with parts of the

skull

extraversion

they have tons of energy, and they get energy from being around people

conscientiousness

they plan ahead and they have self-discipline and they wouldn't forget about promising that they would do a chore.

ancient Greeks believed the human body was made up of four substances, called 4 humors.

yellow bile black bile blood phlegm

Sublimation

turning something negative to positive

what explains the impact of Freud's theories of psychosexual development

Freud's theories help us understand how personal biases affect our understanding of psychology.

Which of the following is an example of how a person would behave if their id went unchecked?

A person admires roses in a neighbor's yard, so he cuts them and takes them home.

Calvin is a singer who gets anxious when speaking to large groups. However, once he starts singing, he immediately feels confident and calm. This is transient action is an example of:

A state which is: temporary reactions to a situation that only last a short time and do not necessarily repeat over time.

One type of Pathological defense mechanism

Denial

Why is this an unproductive way of dealing with disappointment?

Denial is unproductive because it is a refusal to accept reality.

Veronica is recovering from a mastectomy. When her mother asks if she can do anything to help, Veronica screams that she hates when her mother babies her and tells her mother to get a life. Which Freudian defense mechanism is Veronica relying on?

Displacement

2 types of Neurotic defense mechanisms

Displacement Repression

A personality trait is considered to be _____.

Enduring as it is an aspect of the personality that can be seen repeatedly over time.

A star athlete who thinks he isn't talented is

Experiencing incongruence

Why might someone in Japan want to know your blood type if they are curious about your personality?

In Japan, some people associate blood types with personality types, for instance type B blood is associated with optimism.

Lynette feels socially inept and has a constant fear of being shamed or rejected by others. As a result, she avoids interacting in social situations and is reserved in her close relationships. This is an example of a

Personality disorder

are a person's usual ways of thinking, behaving and feeling.

Personality traits

2 Types of immature defense mechanisms

Projection Passive aggression

How have twin studies proven to be beneficial?

Researchers can determine the difference between environmental and genetic factors.

2 types of mature defense mechanisms

Sublimation Humor

Tommy has a strong sense of morality. According to Freud, this would indicate he has worked through which of the following feelings?

The Oedipus Complex, or sexual desire for his mother and desire to kill his father

Which of the following correlates to the Freudian concept of ego?

The conscious part of one's personality that attempts to resolve conflict.

What is one way the ego is different from the id and superego?

The ego is fully conscious, while the id and superego are unconscious.

How would you expect someone with a high conscientiousness score to evidence this trait in a work environment?

They will probably always be on time for work.

Jed is an antagonistic person who doesn't get along well with others. You would expect him to have a low score in _____

agreeableness

Displacement

anger against someone onto someone else

It would be very important to have knowledge of someone's _____ in order to judge that person's personality based on physiognomy.

appearance