Psychology Chapter 9

Meika explores her environment by crawling to a new toy and putting it in her mouth. Which stage of Piaget's cognitive development model is she demonstrating? a. concrete operational b. sensorimotor c. preoperational d. formal operational

b. sensorimotor

According to Piaget's stages of development, when children are in the concrete operational stage, they are more egocentric than when they are in the pre-operational stage.

False

Prior to six months of age, infants realize that objects removed from sight still exist and try to find them. They show object permanence, which makes it possible to play peekaboo.

False

Research shows that children of authoritarian parents have greater self-reliance, self-esteem, social competence, and achievement motivation than other children.

False

According to Piaget, the___________is the second stage of cognitive development in children.

Pre-operational Stage

Josh thinks he has less juice than his brother. His mother tries to solve the problem by pouring Josh's juice into a tall, skinny glass. Josh stares at the tall, skinny glass and his original short, fat glass and then complains that he still has less juice than his brother. Which developmental concept is being illustrated: assimilation, accommodation, conservation, object permanence, egocentrism, or theory of mind? Explain your answer.

The developmental concept is conservation because he does not understand that the quantity is the same in the glasses.

Which of the following is a feature of the germinal stage of prenatal development?

The zygote divides repeatedly while moving to the uterus.

In the context of perceptual development, which of the following is true of newborns?

They are nearsighted when they are born.

Newborn children do not know that it is necessary to eat to survive. They turn their head toward stimuli that prod or stroke the cheek, chin, or corner of the mouth. This is termed rooting.

True

Which of the following statements is true of the hearing capability of newborns? a) They can hear well when they are born. b) They cannot hear well until they are three months old. c) They prefer their father's voice to those of other men. d) They do not show a particular preference for their mother's voice.

a) They can hear well when they are born.

A two-year-old child has a pet dog named Sophie. The child visits her neighbor and sees the neighbor's pet dog. Even though the neighbor's dog is larger and of a different color, the child points to it and calls it a dog. Which of Piaget's cognitive processes is the child demonstrating?

assimilation

Which of the following is the correct order of prenatal development? a) Embryonic stage, germinal stage, fetal stage. b) Fetal stage, embryonic stage, germinal stage. c) Germinal stage, embryonic stage, fetal stage. d) Germinal stage, zygotic stage, fetal stage.

c) Germinal stage, embryonic stage, fetal stage.

According to Piaget, the sensorimotor stage of child development is dominated by________

learning to coordinate perception of the self and of the environment with motor activity

_________are simple, inborn responses elicited by specific stimuli.

reflexes

During the embryonic stage of prenatal development, the___________

sex organs start to differentiate

In the context of prenatal development, the fetal stage lasts from:

the beginning of the third month of pregnancy until birth.

The embryo is connected to the placenta by the_________

umbilical cord

Which of the following statements is true of the hearing capability of newborns?

They can hear well when they are born.

Which of the following is the correct order of Piaget's stages of cognitive development?

Sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational.

Which of the following is a characteristic of the fetal stage of prenatal development?

The fetus alternates between wakefulness and sleep.

Which of the following is an example of Piaget's concept of assimilation? a. Fourteen-month-old Noreen's first word was "ball." Now she calls anything round that rolls a "ball." b. Two-year-old Susie was told that horses don't have stripes, so she concluded that zebras were different from horses. c. Fourteen-month-old Albert starts to say "bunny. . . bad . . ." about the white stuffed rabbit in his bed. d. Eight-month-old Jose lies in his bed and says "ba-ba-we-we-boo."

a. Fourteen-month-old Noreen's first word was "ball." Now she calls anything round that rolls a "ball."

According to the text, what is the most important prenatal phase of development for organ formation? a) germinal period b) embryonic period c) fetal period d) zygote period

b) embryonic period

Ian is 12 months old and is crying for attention. His mom is busy cooking dinner and can't pay much attention to him. When she finishes cooking, she picks Ian up and offers him his favorite toy. Ian hugs his mother but keeps crying and pushes the toy away. This suggests that Ian has formed a(n) ______ attachment with his mom. a) avoidant b) secure c) ambivalent d) difficult

c) ambivalent

Harry Harlow discovered that monkeys, and possibly humans, have a need for________

contact comfort

or Bill's new job with a toy company, he makes a board game called "Planet Wars." The goal is to conquer as many planets as possible by forming strategies for attack and defense and logically anticipating other players' moves. This game is most likely appropriate for children in the ______ stage of cognitive development. a. concrete operational b. sensorimotor c. preoperational d. formal operational

d. formal operational

Which of the following is the correct order of prenatal development?

Germinal stage, embryonic stage, fetal stage.

According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, which of the following is true of children in the concrete operational stage?

They center on the motives of wrongdoers as well as on the amount of damage done when assigning blame.

Bianca smokes a pack of cigarettes a day and just found out that she is pregnant. The doctor said, "If you quit smoking right now your baby will probably not be affected by the nicotine. This is because your child is in the stage of prenatal development during which teratogens do not have an effect." Based on this, Bianca knows that her child is most likely in the ______ period of prenatal development. a) zygote b) germinal c) embryonic d) fetal

b) germinal

One-year-old Jerome is in the __________ stage of cognitive development. Thus, when his mother shows Jerome a ball and then hides it behind her back, we would expect him to __________. a. concrete operational; appear to lose interest in the ball and not look for it b. sensorimotor; appear to lose interest in the ball and not look for it c. formal operational; appear interested in the ball but not look for it d. preoperational; appear interested in the ball and attempt to look for it

b. sensorimotor; appear to lose interest in the ball and not look for it

You want to buy a mobile for your newborn nephew, Jasper, who is one week old. You want him to be able to see the objects on the mobile when it hangs over his crib a few feet from him. To achieve this, you should most likely buy Jasper a mobile with ______. a) many moving parts that spin in circles b) small animals in light yellow and green colors c) large striped patterns in bold red and blue colors d) large black-and-white drawings of faces

d) large black-and-white drawings of faces

Peipei's mother brings her 2-year-old daughter to see a new doctor. Peipei's mother leaves the room and Peipei is momentarily left alone with the doctor. When Peipei's mother returns and hugs Peipei, Peipei looks at her mother and smiles, but at the same time she yells and pushes her mother away. Peipei has most likely formed a(n) __________ attachment with her mother. a. conventional b. secure c. avoidant d. ambivalent

d. ambivalent

A mother is playing with her eight-month-old son. She places a toy in front of her son and then takes it away. She notices that her son starts searching for the toy. Which aspect of Piaget's sensorimotor stage of development is depicted in the scenario?

object permanence