Psychology Chapter One

Observation

An assertion that "psychology is empirical" means that psychology is based on...

Humanism

An intellectual movement that focused on human potential and achievements

Structuralism

Based on the notion that the task of psychology is to investigate how the elements of consciousness are related to each other.

Watson and Skinner

Believed that if you wanted someone to do something, they needed to receive a positive reward.

Watson and Skinner

Came up with behavioralism

Sigmund Freud

Came up with psychoanalysis and the unconsciousness

Freud

Came up with the "talking cure"

William James

Considered the founder of U.S. psychology

Wilhelm Wundt

Considered the founder of psychology

Hereditary and environment acting jointly

Contemporary psychologists generally assume that human behavior is determined by...

Analysis of thinking in terms of scientific principles, making decisions based on formal and informal logic, and thinking the includes consideration of probability.

Critical thinking includes:

Wilhelm Wundt

Developed structuralism

Maslow

Developed the hierarchy of needs

Animal Behavior

For John B. Watson, the appropriate subject matter of psychology was...

Verbal slips

Freud believed that our troubles were stored in our unconscious and they come out in the form of ______ ______

jealousy

Freud thought that this was a huge unconscious motivator that you are unaware of.

Psychoanalysis

Freud's theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts; the techniques used in treating psychological disorders by seeking to expose and interpret unconscious tensions

Observational Learning

learning by observing others

Psychology is empirical

In conducting a research study psychologists needed to define all their variables clearly and unambiguously, so that all researchers can objectively evaluate the results of the research. This aspect of psychology illustrates the underlying theme that psychology is...

Multifactorial Causation

In looking for a cause of a particular behavior, psychologists assume...

Culture

Includes socially shared values and norms that are transmitted across generations.

Brain

James looked at how the parts of the ______ interact

James

Looked at how people interact with the environment and how we adapt to a new environment.

Skinner's Behaviorism

Made the study of behavior and its outcome the basis of the whole approach

A Cognitive Psychology

Programmers who were working on a chess-playing super computer asked a psychologist from their university for some help in working out the problem-solving algorithms they would be using. The psychologist who helped with the problem was most likely a...

Cognition (thinking) and physiological processes

Recent research trends in psychology involve two areas largely ignored by early behavioralists. The two areas are:

humanists

Rogers and Maslow

Freud

Sex and aggression

William James

Stream of consciousness

Discover the smaller elements that comprise consciousness

Structuralism is the historical school of psychology that asserted that the purpose of psychology was too...

Skinner

Taught animals how to get positive rewards

Behavioralism

The empirical study of actual human behavior rather than abstract or speculative theories

William James

The founder of functionalism

Wilhelm Wundt

The not in that the subject matter of psychology should be the scientific study of conscious experience is most closely linked with...

Sigmund Freud

The notion that unconscious motivations can influence our overt behaviors is most consistent with the views of...

Freud

Thought dreams meant something

Summarize, Quickly, Read, Research, Reread

What does SQ3R stand for?

Shaping behavior by reinforcement

What is least likely to be studied in cognitive psychology

Structuralism and Functionalism

What were the first two major schools of psychology?

humans and other animals tend to repeat responses followed by positive outcomes

What would be considered the major principle of operant conditioning?

Cognitive

Which core psychological research area is primarily devoted to the study of such topics as memory, problem solving, and thinking?

Social Psychology

Which field of psychology studies attitude change and group behavior?

Cognitive psychology

Which of the following is a recent movement in psychology that has revived the old interest in mental and conscious events?

Evolutionary psychology

Which point of view in psychology emphasizes the adaptive (survival and reproductive) values of behavior?

Carl Rogers

Which theorist would tend to emphasize explanations in terms of freedom and potential for personal growth?

Developmental Psychology

Which type of psychology is least likely to be considered an applied area of psychology?

He founded the first experimental laboratory

Who is Wilhelm Wundt?

John Watson

With which of the following individuals is B.F. Skinner most in agreement on the issues of internal mental events?

The unconscious

Within academic psychology, Freud's ideals initially encountered resistance because he emphasized...

Be able to identify and remember the most important parts of a lecture

researchers findings suggest that when students engage in attentive note taking, they are more likely to...

negative reinforcement

to get rid of something negative, you do what needs to be done to get it to stop.