Psychology Chapter One
Observation
An assertion that "psychology is empirical" means that psychology is based on...
Humanism
An intellectual movement that focused on human potential and achievements
Structuralism
Based on the notion that the task of psychology is to investigate how the elements of consciousness are related to each other.
Watson and Skinner
Believed that if you wanted someone to do something, they needed to receive a positive reward.
Watson and Skinner
Came up with behavioralism
Sigmund Freud
Came up with psychoanalysis and the unconsciousness
Freud
Came up with the "talking cure"
William James
Considered the founder of U.S. psychology
Wilhelm Wundt
Considered the founder of psychology
Hereditary and environment acting jointly
Contemporary psychologists generally assume that human behavior is determined by...
Analysis of thinking in terms of scientific principles, making decisions based on formal and informal logic, and thinking the includes consideration of probability.
Critical thinking includes:
Wilhelm Wundt
Developed structuralism
Maslow
Developed the hierarchy of needs
Animal Behavior
For John B. Watson, the appropriate subject matter of psychology was...
Verbal slips
Freud believed that our troubles were stored in our unconscious and they come out in the form of ______ ______
jealousy
Freud thought that this was a huge unconscious motivator that you are unaware of.
Psychoanalysis
Freud's theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts; the techniques used in treating psychological disorders by seeking to expose and interpret unconscious tensions
Observational Learning
learning by observing others
Psychology is empirical
In conducting a research study psychologists needed to define all their variables clearly and unambiguously, so that all researchers can objectively evaluate the results of the research. This aspect of psychology illustrates the underlying theme that psychology is...
Multifactorial Causation
In looking for a cause of a particular behavior, psychologists assume...
Culture
Includes socially shared values and norms that are transmitted across generations.
Brain
James looked at how the parts of the ______ interact
James
Looked at how people interact with the environment and how we adapt to a new environment.
Skinner's Behaviorism
Made the study of behavior and its outcome the basis of the whole approach
A Cognitive Psychology
Programmers who were working on a chess-playing super computer asked a psychologist from their university for some help in working out the problem-solving algorithms they would be using. The psychologist who helped with the problem was most likely a...
Cognition (thinking) and physiological processes
Recent research trends in psychology involve two areas largely ignored by early behavioralists. The two areas are:
humanists
Rogers and Maslow
Freud
Sex and aggression
William James
Stream of consciousness
Discover the smaller elements that comprise consciousness
Structuralism is the historical school of psychology that asserted that the purpose of psychology was too...
Skinner
Taught animals how to get positive rewards
Behavioralism
The empirical study of actual human behavior rather than abstract or speculative theories
William James
The founder of functionalism
Wilhelm Wundt
The not in that the subject matter of psychology should be the scientific study of conscious experience is most closely linked with...
Sigmund Freud
The notion that unconscious motivations can influence our overt behaviors is most consistent with the views of...
Freud
Thought dreams meant something
Summarize, Quickly, Read, Research, Reread
What does SQ3R stand for?
Shaping behavior by reinforcement
What is least likely to be studied in cognitive psychology
Structuralism and Functionalism
What were the first two major schools of psychology?
humans and other animals tend to repeat responses followed by positive outcomes
What would be considered the major principle of operant conditioning?
Cognitive
Which core psychological research area is primarily devoted to the study of such topics as memory, problem solving, and thinking?
Social Psychology
Which field of psychology studies attitude change and group behavior?
Cognitive psychology
Which of the following is a recent movement in psychology that has revived the old interest in mental and conscious events?
Evolutionary psychology
Which point of view in psychology emphasizes the adaptive (survival and reproductive) values of behavior?
Carl Rogers
Which theorist would tend to emphasize explanations in terms of freedom and potential for personal growth?
Developmental Psychology
Which type of psychology is least likely to be considered an applied area of psychology?
He founded the first experimental laboratory
Who is Wilhelm Wundt?
John Watson
With which of the following individuals is B.F. Skinner most in agreement on the issues of internal mental events?
The unconscious
Within academic psychology, Freud's ideals initially encountered resistance because he emphasized...
Be able to identify and remember the most important parts of a lecture
researchers findings suggest that when students engage in attentive note taking, they are more likely to...
negative reinforcement
to get rid of something negative, you do what needs to be done to get it to stop.