Psychology chapters 12 and 13

Henry is juror number four in a murder trial. He believes the accused is guilty, but when the jurors vote it becomes clear he is the only one that thinks this way. Henry votes not guilty along with the other jurors despite what he sees as evidence clearly indicating guilt. This is an example of the ________ effect. a. Asch b. Cacioppo c. Milgram d. Zimbardo

A. Asch

Which of the following exemplified an advertisement that would reflect a task-oriented approach to job analysis? a. Driver who can operate a forklift in small spaces, drive a cement-mixer, and handle explosive material. b. Experienced part-time nanny who loves energetic children c. Motivated and ambitious person to earn money in the comfort of your own home. d. Pet sitter familiar with the feeding habits of reptiles and spiders.

A. Driver who can operate a forklift in small spaces, drive a cement-mixer, and handle explosive material.

Which of the following is the best example of peripheral route persuasion? a. Anti-smoking advertisements that rely on celebrity spokespeople advocating for reduction in cigarette use. b. Anti-smoking advertisements that use charts and graphs to show how many people die from smoking-related causes each year. c. Encuraging your parents to quite smoking by switching to chewing tobacco, then convinving them to chew less tobacco each week. d. Supporting your sister who has decided to go cold turkey in order to quit smoking.

A. Anti-smoking advertisements that rely on celebrity spokespeople advocating for reduction in cigarette use.

The field of social psychology studies topics at the intrapersonal level. These topics include ____________? a. Emotions and attitudes, the self, and social cognition. b. Ethnographies, case studies, archives, and statistics. c. Prejudice and discrimination, helping behavior, aggression, and group processes. d. Society and social interaction, families, ecology, and religion.

A. Emotions and attitudes, the self, and social cognition.

Which choice is the best definition of a performance appraisal? a. Evaluating an employee's success at carrying out the duties of their job. b. Determining and listing tasks associated with a particular job. c. Determining and listing worker traits associated with a particular job. d. Requiring routine minimum standards for certain occupations.

A. Evaluating an employee's success at carrying out the duties of their job.

Industrial-organizational psychology is a branch of psychology that studies __________? a. How human behavior and psychology affect work and how they are affected by work. b. How jobs typically performed by women are underpaid compared to jobs typically performed by men. c. How the unemployed are fundamentally different from the employed. d. Why American workers tend to be more individualistic than collectivistic in their occupational orientations.

A. How human behavior and psychology affect work and how they are affected by work.

Within the field of social psychology, a script is defined as a ________. a. Person's knowledge about the sequence of events in a specific setting. b. Prescription for psychotropic medicine c. Set of instructions to be carried out without deviation d. Written record of a person's history, including their actions and qualities.

A. Person's knowledge about the sequence of events in a specific setting.

What was the main conclusion drawn from the Stanford prison experiment. a. Social roles are powerful determinants of human behavior. b. Students cannot be relied upon to act appropriately c. Students cannot be trusted in roles of authority d. When operating in a group, some people will put forth less effort than if they were operating alone.

A. Social roles are powerful determinants of human behavior.

_________ holds that our behavior is determined by internal factors, such as individual traits or temperaments. a. Collectivism b. Dispositions c. Moralism d. Situationism

B. Dispositions

The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission is responsible for __________? a. Compiling statistics about the pay gap between women and men. b. Enforcing federal laws that make it illegal to discriminate in the hiring of employees. c. Offering a database of job analyses for various occupations. d. Providing a comprehensive list of average salary and projected lifetime earnings for each occupation.

B. Enforcing federal laws that make it illegal to discriminate in the hiring of employees.

_________ is the strengthening of an original group attitude after the discussion of views within a group. a. Cognitive dissonance b. Group polarization c. Social loafing d. Social facilitation.

B. Group polarization

The notion that workers tend to show an increase in performance when they know that they are being observed is called the ___________ effect. a. Flynn b. Hawthorne c. Taylor d. Munsterberg

B. Hawthorne

Jasmin belongs to the chess club on her campus. She prefers to associate with other members of the chess club while avoiding people that do not belong to this group. She thinks that those who do not play chess must be less intelligent than those who do, and thus she doesn't want to spend time with them. Jasmin has a(n) ____________ bias. a. Confirmation b. In-group c. Out-group d. Scapegoating

B. In-group

What is the main point of the textbook discussion of Milgram's obedience study? a. When acting in a group, people will obey authority to the point of potentially causing serious harm to another person. b. Individuals will obey authority to the point of potentially causing serious harm to another person. c. Stanley Milgram was driven by political and personal agendas that demonstrated how research can be biased. d. Research is only useful if it can be successfully replicated time and time again.

B. Individuals will obey authority to the point of potentially causing serious harm to another person.

According to research, what kind of job interview is most successful at predicting a candidate's later successful job performance? a. Interviews that involved performance tests. b. Structured interviews c. 360-degree interviews d. Unstructured interviews

B. Structured interviews

During which kind of situation might a person be most likely to yield to the effects of informational social influence? a. When they feel sure of their own decisions b. When the correct choice is unclear c. When they really want to be liked by a group of peers d. When they have no personal investment in the outcome of their actions.

B. When the correct choice is unclear

Suppose you are walking down a street. A woman has fallen down, but because there are so many people around it does not occur to you that you should help. You just assume someone else is about to help her and keep walking. This is an example of ________. a. Aggression b. Cognitive dissonance c. Diffusion of responsibility d. Prosocial behavior

C. Diffusion of responsibility

The ________ hypothesis is the ideology common in the United States that people get the outcome they deserve. a. Equal status b. Come-uppance c. Just-world d. Equipontiality

C. Just-world

Dr. Smyth conducts research that examines how stress, disease, and disorders can impact individuals in the workplace. She is working in the area of ________ psychology. a. Human wellness factors b. Biopsychosocial c. Occupational health d. Industrial

C. Occupational health

A negative attitude and feeling toward an individual that is based solely on that person's membership in a specific group is called ___________. a. Discrimination b. A stereotype c. Prejudice d. Conformity

C. Prejudice

Which important legislation protected employees against discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin? a. The supreme Court Ruling in the case of Griggs v. Duke Power Company. b. The equal pay act c. The 1964 Civil Rights Act, Title 7 d. The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990

C. The 1964 Civil Rights Act, Title 7

What is a social role? a. Group's expectations regarding what is appropriate and acceptable for the thoughts and behavior of its members. b. Group's knowledge about the sequence of events in a specific setting. c. Person's knowledge about the sequence of events in a specific setting. d. A pattern of behavior that is expected of a person in a given setting or group.

D. A pattern of behavior that is expected of a person in a given setting or group.

Isolation, a lack of job security, work overload, harassment, and bullying are all examples of factors that can lead to ________. a. Age discrimination b. The Hawthorne effect c. Job satisfaction d. Job stress

D. Job stress

In job specification, what does the acronym KSA stand for? a/ Knacks, services, aptitudes b. Know, study, apply c. Knowing, sensing, adapting d. Knowledge, skills, abilities

D. Knowledge, skills, abilities

Which term describes a for of informal training in which an experienced employee guides the work of a new employee? a. Interning b. Interviewing c. Managing d. Mentoring

D. Mentoring

According to Edwin Locke, job _________ is the state of feeling resulting from appraising one's job experiences., and a more modern definition includes the extent to which a person enjoys their job. a. Fulfillment b. Gratification c. Happiness d. Satisfaction

D. Satisfaction

Kara gets an F on her social psychology exam. Then she goes home and gets into an argument with her roommate, Lee. Lee assumes Kara is yelling at him because she is just a nasty person, and does not consider that she may just have had a bad day and is venting. Lee is demonstrating _________________. a. Groupthink b. The self-serving bias c. The actor-observer effect d. The fundamental attribution error

D. The fundamental attribution error

Carlos is a small business owner. Recently, he became the primary caretaker for his aging mother. He works long hours at his business while also making sure that his mother can keep her medical appointments and has company in the evening. This exemplifies ________. a. Theory y management b. Occupational burnout c. Theory x management d. Work-family balance

D. Work-family balance

An organizational psychologist studies such topics as ___________. a. An applicant's qualifications for a job b. The kind of mentality required to perform a job c. Whether cubicles or an open floor plan are more conducive to productivity. d. Worker satisfaction, motivation, and commitment

D. Worker satisfaction, motivation, and commitment

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the average American work spends approximately _______ hours working each week? a. 20 to 24 b. 28 to 35 c. 42 to 54 d. 55 to 62

c. 42 to 54