psychology chp 2 quiz

While walking down the street you step on something, which turns out to be a wallet. What sequence of components of the nervous system was involved as you realized that you stepped on something and then picked it up

afferent nerves, brain, efferent nerves

Drugs that block the operation of a neurotransmitter are called

antagonists

Which part of a neuron transmits signals to other neurons and to muscles and glands

axon

Homeostasis refers to

a balanced state of functioning

To help her students understand the various parts of a neuron, an instructor compares a neuron to an electrical cord. Using this analogy, how would the instructor describe the myelin sheath

the insulating cover

Why are many reflexes such as the knee-jerk such fast responses

the message involved does not have to go all the way to the brain

Which endocrine gland controls growth and metabolic rate

thyroid

What is the main function of the reticular formation

to control levels of alertness

the growth of new neurons in the brain is known as

neurogenesis

Where are neurotransmitters stored

terminal buttons

During a visit to a physiological psychology laboratory, a group of students was able to view a preserved human brain. Most of them had never seen a human brain except in drawings or photographs. The brain reminds each of them of something that could be used as an analogy. Which student offers an analogy that provides the best fit to the human brain's visual appearance

To mary, the brain looks like a cauliflower

how do neuromodulators affect neural transmission

by either facilitating or inhibiting the release of neurotransmitters

An industrial accident resulted in brain damage that left Bob with difficulty in coordinating his motor movements. What is the most likely location of the damage

cerebellum

Subcortical structures such as the amygdala are located beneath the

cerebral cortex

What fibers connect the two hemispheres of the brain

corpus callosum

Dr. Walk has found evidence of severe damage to a patient's occipital lobes. When she sends a report to the referring physician, it will most likely contain which of these terms

cortical blindness

The area of psychology that is interested in looking for the adaptive benefits of selected human behaviors is known as

evolutionary psychology

Which of these is the most accurate description of what occurs when a neural impulse moves down the length of a neuron

exchange of ions

Some neurotransmitters make it more likely that a neuron will send its message to other neurons, a process known as __________; whereas some make it less likely that a neuron will send its message, a process known as __________

excitation; inhibition

compared to axons without myelin sheaths, what is the speed of action potentials through axons with a myelin sheath

faster because ion exchange occurs only at the nodes of Ranvier

What are the components of the brain stem

hindbrain and midbrain

The endocrine system consists of glands that secrete chemicals called

hormones

Dion threw his bat into the dirt after he struck out for the third time during a softball game. Which part of the brain is involved in this expression of anger

limbic system

The growth of new neurons in the brain is known as

neurogenesis

Terry was two years old when a car accident damaged the left temporal lobe of his brain, causing him to no longer understand language. Over time, the right temporal lobe assumed this role, allowing him to relearn language. This is an example o

neuroplasticity

Terry was two years old when a car accident damaged the left temporal lobe of his brain, causing him to no longer understand language. Over time, the right temporal lobe assumed this role, allowing him to relearn language. This is an example of

neuroplasticity

What chemicals stored in terminal buttons allow transmission of nerve impulses between neurons

neurotransmitters

What is the most accurate description of endorphins

opium-like chemicals found in the body

which component of the nervous system calms the body after the fight of flight response

parasympathetic

What do we call the electrical charge of a neuron when it is not firing

resting potential

The clouds are finally gone and the sun is shining brightly so you decide to "catch a few rays." Unfortunately, you spend too much time in the sun and have a severe sunburn. Which neurons send messages from your burned skin to your brain to inform you of the pain from the burn

sensory neurons

Which part of a cell is involved in metabolic regulation

soma

Which component of the nervous system mobilizes the body in times of stress

sympathetic