psychology chp 2 quiz
While walking down the street you step on something, which turns out to be a wallet. What sequence of components of the nervous system was involved as you realized that you stepped on something and then picked it up
afferent nerves, brain, efferent nerves
Drugs that block the operation of a neurotransmitter are called
antagonists
Which part of a neuron transmits signals to other neurons and to muscles and glands
axon
Homeostasis refers to
a balanced state of functioning
To help her students understand the various parts of a neuron, an instructor compares a neuron to an electrical cord. Using this analogy, how would the instructor describe the myelin sheath
the insulating cover
Why are many reflexes such as the knee-jerk such fast responses
the message involved does not have to go all the way to the brain
Which endocrine gland controls growth and metabolic rate
thyroid
What is the main function of the reticular formation
to control levels of alertness
the growth of new neurons in the brain is known as
neurogenesis
Where are neurotransmitters stored
terminal buttons
During a visit to a physiological psychology laboratory, a group of students was able to view a preserved human brain. Most of them had never seen a human brain except in drawings or photographs. The brain reminds each of them of something that could be used as an analogy. Which student offers an analogy that provides the best fit to the human brain's visual appearance
To mary, the brain looks like a cauliflower
how do neuromodulators affect neural transmission
by either facilitating or inhibiting the release of neurotransmitters
An industrial accident resulted in brain damage that left Bob with difficulty in coordinating his motor movements. What is the most likely location of the damage
cerebellum
Subcortical structures such as the amygdala are located beneath the
cerebral cortex
What fibers connect the two hemispheres of the brain
corpus callosum
Dr. Walk has found evidence of severe damage to a patient's occipital lobes. When she sends a report to the referring physician, it will most likely contain which of these terms
cortical blindness
The area of psychology that is interested in looking for the adaptive benefits of selected human behaviors is known as
evolutionary psychology
Which of these is the most accurate description of what occurs when a neural impulse moves down the length of a neuron
exchange of ions
Some neurotransmitters make it more likely that a neuron will send its message to other neurons, a process known as __________; whereas some make it less likely that a neuron will send its message, a process known as __________
excitation; inhibition
compared to axons without myelin sheaths, what is the speed of action potentials through axons with a myelin sheath
faster because ion exchange occurs only at the nodes of Ranvier
What are the components of the brain stem
hindbrain and midbrain
The endocrine system consists of glands that secrete chemicals called
hormones
Dion threw his bat into the dirt after he struck out for the third time during a softball game. Which part of the brain is involved in this expression of anger
limbic system
The growth of new neurons in the brain is known as
neurogenesis
Terry was two years old when a car accident damaged the left temporal lobe of his brain, causing him to no longer understand language. Over time, the right temporal lobe assumed this role, allowing him to relearn language. This is an example o
neuroplasticity
Terry was two years old when a car accident damaged the left temporal lobe of his brain, causing him to no longer understand language. Over time, the right temporal lobe assumed this role, allowing him to relearn language. This is an example of
neuroplasticity
What chemicals stored in terminal buttons allow transmission of nerve impulses between neurons
neurotransmitters
What is the most accurate description of endorphins
opium-like chemicals found in the body
which component of the nervous system calms the body after the fight of flight response
parasympathetic
What do we call the electrical charge of a neuron when it is not firing
resting potential
The clouds are finally gone and the sun is shining brightly so you decide to "catch a few rays." Unfortunately, you spend too much time in the sun and have a severe sunburn. Which neurons send messages from your burned skin to your brain to inform you of the pain from the burn
sensory neurons
Which part of a cell is involved in metabolic regulation
soma
Which component of the nervous system mobilizes the body in times of stress
sympathetic
