Psychology chs. 5,9,10

Kumar is interested in observing changes in the intelligence levels of teenagers in his neighborhood. He wants to assess their verbal and reasoning skills as they progress through their teenage years. In this case, Kumar is interested in exploring the ___________ processes involved in developmental psychology

Cognitive

The nativist approach proposes that children as young as 3 months old

Possess expectancies about object and events in the world that are less dependent on experiences

Every time someone in the class completes an assignment on time, the teacher rewards the student with chocolates. Rudolph wants to complete his assignment on time. Rudolph is most likely at the _____ stage of moral development

Preconventional

Manuela is 70 years old. She wants to jog 5 miles everyday but knows that her body cannot cope with the stress of a long- distance run. She wants to stay fit but knows that her bones are nimble. She instead contents herself by walking slowly on a treadmill everyday. She also does yoga to keep herself healthy. Manuela's changes in goal are best explained by the process of

Selective optimization with compensation

_______refers to the weight maintained when the individual makes no effort to gain or lose weight

Set point

Controlled processes differ from automatic processes in the controlled processes are

Slower than automatic processes

While attending a lecture, Lea starts yawning and fights hard to stay awake. She reclines in her chair and within minutes she falls asleep with her head jerking upward at short intervals. Lea is in

Stage N1 sleep

Which of the following statements is an example of an individual's long-term goal?

Suresh wants to be a counseling psychologist

identify a true statement about an individual's phenotype

An individual's phenotype represents his or her observable and measurable characteristics

Amber wants to reduce her weight. She is already below the normal weight level for her age group. She goes on a strict duet to reduce her weight and refuses to eat anything for fear of gaining weight. Amber is most likely suffering from

Anorexia nervosa

refers to the physiological state of being engaged with the environment?

Arousal

Whenever Jane has a backache, she uses a different mattress to relieve the pain. Her backache usually goes away after the change. Today, Jane has serious pain in her knee. She believes that by using the mattress she uses for her backache, she will be able to alleviate her knee pain. In the context if Piaget's theory of cognitive development, Jane is using the _____ process in developing her schemas

Assimilation

Denice wants to join a dance class. Her parents insist that she should focus in her studies rather than her dancing. She makes repeated requests, but her parents threaten to ground her if she fails to act as they say . They even verbally abuse and terrorize her to stay indoors. Danice's parents are most likely adopting a(n) _____ parenting style

Authoritarian

The_____ states that the function of positive emotions is to extend the scope of attention and foster the construction resources

Broaden-and-build model

Who among the following is most likely experiencing a low-arousal negative emotion?

Castalia, who is irritated that she is alone at home

Who among the following is intrinsically motivated to pursue his or her goals?

Cherly, who writes poems of self- improvement and shares it with her family and friends

Circadian rhythm refers to the

Daily behavioral or physiological cycles

Raj is 12 years old. He recently developed a theory on his own about the irregular weather patterns in New York . He uses statistical analysis and certain scientific principles ti predict the course if weather in New York. In the context of piaget's theory of cognitive development, Raj is most likely _____ stage id development

Formal operational

Which of the following health complications is related to binge eating disorder(BED)?

Hypertension

The cognitive theory of dreaming proposes that dreaming

Involves information processing and memory

The moment Jenna walks into the classroom, Ryan realizes that his heart is beating faster than usual. He wonders whether he is infatuated with her. This reaction is best explained by the

James-Lange theory

Vincent observes the eating behavior if 5 year olds in a school. He then analyze the eating behavior of the same group of children when they are at 12 years of age. He continues to analyze the changes in their eating behavior when they are in their early 20s. Which of the following types of research designs is Vincent using in his research?

Longitudinal

Nolan and Bella were standing in the middle and of the kitchen discussing vacation plans when Nolan suddenly crashed to the floor in a deep REM sleep. Nolan's behavior indicates that he is suffering from

Narcolepsy

According to Erikson, who among the following people is expressing identity confusion?

Peter tried to lean playing the guitar and realized that he is not good at it, so he is now planning to learn playing the pianio

Which of the following statements true of teratogens?

The effects of chemical teratogens depends on the timing of exposure

Hannah works as a flight attendant. Her job requires her to work night shift at a local grocery store every other day. She gas trouble sleeping, which is most likely due to

The fact that her circadian rhythms do not follow a fixed 24-hour cycle

In the context of prenatal development, which of the following is true of the germinal period

The germinal period begins with conception

Which of the following statements is TRUE of REM sleep?

The longer the period of REM sleep, the more likely the person will report dreaming.

Which of the following statements is true of the adolescent brain?

The prefrontal cortex continues to mature into early adulthood.

Three- year- old Missy and her four- year-old brother Bob are watching a movie. In the movie, a " monster" sneaks into the closet while a little boy is sleeping. While Missy says nothing, Bob begins to shout at the screen telling the little boy not to open the closet door. Their different reactions reflect

The theory of mind

Which of the following statements is TRUE of tranquilizers?

They are used to calm anxious individual

Which of the following statements is TRUE of amphetamines?

They increase the release of dopamine

Jared has consumed excessive alcohol at a party. Therefore, he is exhibiting

an altered state of consciousness

According to self-determination theory, people are most fulfilled when they satisfy which three fundamental needs?

competence, autonomy, relatedness

The sociocultural standards that determine when, where, and how emotions should be expressed are called

display rules

Tanya, a 14-year-old girl, thinks that she is unique and assumes that others at school notice everything about her. She is very confident and takes extra care of her looks. In this scenario, Tanya is exhibiting adolescent

egocentrism

Veronica dives into a swimming pool on a chilly winter day. Initially, she feels very cold and begins to shiver. However, after a while, Veronica stops shivering as her body begins to use energy to maintain its normal temperature. This phenomenon can be best explained as

homeostasis

Loggerhead turtles lay their eggs underground, in sandy beaches. As soon as the eggs hatch, the infant turtles crawl out of their nests and move toward the sea. Which of following best describes this pattern of behavior?

instinct

Which of the following is most closely related to blood sugar control?

insulin

Brendon has been using Xanax for a period of over six months. Alex, his friend, asks him to stop using the drug as it adversely affects the body. Brendon listens to Alex and discontinues taking the drug. However, upon withdrawal, he experiences immense physical pain accompanied by increased craving for the drug. This is most likely due to

physical dependence

Dan arranges two rows of pennies so they are equal in length. A child views the rows and states that they have the same amount of pennies. He spreads out the pennies in the bottom row so that it is longer than the top one. The child now states that the bottom row has more pennies. This child is in Piaget's _____ stage of development.

preoperational

Emilia is a 6-year-old who uses her grandmother as a base to explore her environment. Whenever her grandmother leaves her to do her daily chores, she shows visible signs of distress. When her grandmother returns, Emilia expresses her joy and feels happy to see her again. This is an example of _____ attachment.

secure