Psychology Concept Reviews Chapter 1

I compare problem-solving strategies in the United States and China. Perspective, Specialty

Cross-cultural, Cognitive Psychology

Being informed that housekeeping tasks were good exercise

independent variable

The physical changes that could be directly attributed to being told that housekeeping tasks provided healthy exercise.

main effect

Fake capsules that were identical in appearance to the actual ginkgo biloba capsules.

placebo

I am currently studying the role that forgiveness plays in family relationships. I want to examine the extent to which forgiveness fosters the development of a healthy family environment and positive individual traits. Perspective, Specialty

Positive Psychology, Counseling Psychology

I study brain development in infants. Perspective, Specialty

Biological, Developmental Psychology

Psychology should study how behavior and mental processes allow organisms to adapt to their environments. School/Approach, Founder

Functionalism, William James

A psychologist discovers that as negative life events increase, episodes of depression also increase. The psychologist concludes that there is a _____ between negative life events and episodes of depression.

positive correlation

Dr. Romano conducts an in-depth interview and gives extensive psychological tests to an individual who claims to have been abducted by aliens. Dr. Romano is using ______ in this investigation.

case study method

Psychology should emphasize each person's unique potential for psychological growth and self-directedness. School/Approach, Founder

Humanistic Psychology, Carl Rogers

Researchers have found that the more credit cards people have, the less money they tend to have in their savings accounts. These researchers have discovered a _____ between the number of credit cards and the amount of savings.

negative correlation

The fact that neither the participants nor the researchers who interacted with them knew which participants received the real ginkgo biloba and which received the fake ginkgo biloba.

double-blind technique

If several participants in the hotel experiment control group had lost weight due to a contagious intestinal virus

extraneous variable

I develop programs to help people modify unhealthy eating habits, focusing on the environmental cues that trigger overeating. Perspective, Specialty

Behavioral, Health Psychology

I compare mate selection patterns in primitive and modern societies. Perspective, Specialty

Evolutionary, Social Psychology

A psychologist is interested in what hospital staff members say about their patients in public. His research assistants spend four hours riding elevators in various hospitals and unobtrusively recording the public conversations. This psychologist is using _____.

Naturalistic observation

I investigate the early life experiences of people who seek psychotherapy for symptoms of depression. Perspective, Specialty

Psychedynamic, Clinical Psychology

Human behavior is strongly influenced by unconscious sexual and aggressive conflicts. School/Approach, Founder

Psychoanalysis, Sigmund Freud

Psychology should scientifically investigate observable behaviors that can be measured objectively and should not study consciousness or mental processes. School/Approach, Founder

Behaviorism, John Watson

Psychology should focus on the elements of conscious experiences, using the method of introspection. School/Approach, Founder

Structuralism, Edward Titchener

The participants who were not told that housekeeping tasks provide healthy exercise

control group

A psychologist is using police reports and weather reports to determine whether there is any relationship between the frequency of arrests for aggressive behavior and the temperature. She is using ____ to study this relationship.

correlational research

Weight, blood pressure, body mass index, and other physical health measures of the hotel housekeeping staff

dependent variable

The improvement that occurred from simply having taken the tests of memory, concentration, and mental focus twice.

practice effect

Having an equal chance of being assigned to one of the different experimental conditions in both the ginkgo and hotel experiments.

random assignment