psychology exam 3

Kiara finds an abandoned wallet with $300 in it and no identification. In the context of Freud's psychoanalytic theory, Kiara's decision to keep the money or turn it in will cause the greatest conflict between her _____.

ID and superego

Brandon attempts to convince his girlfriend, Katherine, to have sex with him. Even though Katherine loves and desires him, her religious beliefs do not permit her to have sex before marriage. According to Freud's structures of personality, Katherine's desire to have sex with Brandon is most likely dictated by her _____. Her decision not to engage in premarital sex is most likely dictated by her _____.

ID; Superego

Jessica, a young woman, has a strong sexual preference for other women while Jim, a 30-year-old man, is only interested in dating women. In the context of sexual orientation, what similarities do Jessica and Jim most likely share in terms of brain structure?

They both have brains in which the right hemisphere is larger in comparison to the left hemisphere

which of the following is a difference between men and women in the context of emotion, empathy, and helping

Women are more responsive to negative stimuli and men are more responsive to positive stimuli.

indiana jones goes off to foreign lands in search of articats hidden in dangerous places and guarded by fierce protectors. Dr.jones would be described as___ in arousal

a sensation seeker

Mariah is an adolescent. She idolizes Gisele Bundchen, the famous supermodel. Mariah desires to be skinny like Gisele because she believes that being thin is considered attractive. In her pursuit of losing weight, Maria often refrains from eating for several full days. She begins to fear the thought of gaining weight and is not satisfied even when she loses weight. Mariah is most likely suffering from:

anorexia nervosa

the main class of ale sex hormones

androgens

Which of the following individuals is most likely to obtain a high score on the openness trait of the big five factors of personality

beverly, who loves experimenting with life

an instinct is a tendency that is ___

biological

Dr. watson is interested in the effects or higher than normal amounts of testosterone on the gender of embryos. joana is most likely a(n)

biological approach to gender development

the ability to multiply two numbers together falls under ___ development

cognitive

The Angry/Happy Man experiment (Schechter & Singer, 1962) demonstrated that identical physiological activation could be felt as two quite divergent emotions. This demonstrated the importance of ___________ interpretation in determening emotions.

cognitve

According to rogers humanistic theory, if Gretel receives___ from her parents, she is least likely to face problems associated with her __ .

collective unconscious

in the context of evolutionary psychology,___ occurs among members of the same sex as they view for the opportunity to mate with members of the opposite sex

competition

Of the big five personality traits, _____ might well be the most important in terms of health and longevity issues

conscientiousness

leptin and cholecystokinin (CCK) are similar in that they are both associated with:

decreaing food intake

___ is the defense mechanism used with the ego shifts feelings toward an unacceptable object to another. more acceptable object

displacement

___ is the neurotransmitters most clearly linked to learning that certain behaviors are rewarding

dopamine

Which of the following statements is true of the disorders of sexual desire and sexual response in men?

erectile dysfunction is more likely to occur with age

jack kissed his girlfriend, sarah, for the first time. the muscle tension she feels in her genital area is characteristic of the ___ phase of the human sexual response pattern

excitement

assimilation allows the person to enjoy a feeling of meaning, because

experiences fit into his and her preexisting schemas

an object or activity the arouses sexual interest and desire is called a __

fetish

in the context of the "Stanford marshmallow experiments", research on delayed grantification indicates that the best way to resist temptation is to

focus on other activities rather than the forbidden activity

Jason is working one a problem for his science class and is systematically going over every possible outcome. Jason is in the ___ stage of cognitive development

formal operational

____ refers to the social and psychological aspects of being male or female

gender

which of the following sexually transmitted infection ( STIs) is bacterial in origin

gonorrhea

Harold was involved in a serious motorcycle accident. Harold lateral hypothalamus was damaged as a result of the accident, under such circumstances, which of the following is most likely to occur in the context of hunger and eating disorder

harold will lose interest in eating

Gus, a successful manager, quits his job and joins college at the age of forty to study art. A proponent of Abraham Maslow's humanistic theory would most likely argue that Gus went back to college because:

he chose to develop is full potential

a congenital condition in which an individual has genitals that are not clearly male or female is called

hermaphroditism

drives serve to activate responses that are aimed at reducing the drive, thereby returning the body to a more normal state called___

homeostasis

the goal of the drive reduction theory is ___

homeostasis

Erica, a thirty-year-old woman, has been in a relationship with Cassandra, another woman, for over three years. Erica has always been sexually attracted to members of the same sex and has dated two other women in the past. Erica's sexual orientation can best be described as _____.

homosexuality

Which of the following perspectives of personality primarily stress a person's capacity for personal growth and positive human qualities?

humanistic

when a persons blood sugar level falls too low, he feels:

hungry

which psychologist articulated the steps of cognitive development from infancy to adulthood

paiget

which of the following is an example of high- arousal negative emotion

panic

__is a pattern of enduring, distinctive thoughts, emotions, and behaviors that characterize the way an individual adapts to the world

personality

schecter and singer proposed that two things have to happen before emotion occurs: _____ and ___

physical arousal; labeling

the____ phase of the human sexual response pattern involves the continuation and heightening of sexual arousal

plateau

the ___ technique in studying infant perception involves searching for a reliable preference for one stimulus over another.

preferential looking

John, who is jealous of his older brother, states that his older brother hates him and is jealous of him. this scenario best illustrates the defense mechanism of___

Projection

If children cannot grasp the concept of conservation, they are unable to:

Recognize that the quantity of a substance remains the same despite change in its shape

which of the following is true of binge eating disorder (BED)

The areas of the brain and endocrine system that respond to stress are overactive in individuals with BED

puberty marks the onset of

adolescence

which of the following is an acceptable definition of sexual

all of these

according to developmental psychologist, nature refers to

an individuals biological inheritance

George's cubicle at work is spotless. Every item on his desk is arranged according to how frequently he needs it. He gets agitated if something is moved or rearranged. A proponent of Freud's psychoanalytic theory might argue that George is fixated at the _____ stage of psychosexual development.

anal

alfred alders approch was know ___ psychology

individual

at the preconvention level of kohlbergs stages of moral development, individuals decide right and wrong based on

individual ethical principles

Loggerhead turtles lay their eggs underground, in sandy beaches. As soon as the eggs hatch, the infant turtles crawl out of their nests and move toward the sea. Which of following best describes this pattern of behavior?

instinct

Many elementary school teachers offer prizes to students who read the most books during an academic year. The failure of many students to read books during the summer vacations may be due to a lack of:

intrinsic motivation

which of the following best defines teratogen

it is any agent that causes birth defect

infant attachment is defined as the close emotional bond between an infant and :

its caregiver

______ is the specialization of function in one hemisphere of the brain or the other?

lateralization

the documentary titled " 56 up" is a great example of a __ study in development

longitudinal

a(n) ____ assesses the same participants multiple times over a lengthy period

longitudinal study

the most widely used and research empirically keyed self- report personality test is the

minnesota multiphasic personality inventory (MMPI)

" out of sight, out of mind" can be described the behavior of a child who has not mastered

object permanence

mia intends to examine the impact of the mother- child interactions during play-time on cognitive development among toddlers. mia should adopt the __ method to conduct her study

observation

the difference between older and younger adults

older adults tend to not do as well as younger adults in most aspects of money

which of the following neurotransmitters is released during the orgasm phase of the human sexual response pattern

oxytocin

__ perspectives on personality emphasize that personality is primarily unconscious

psychodynamic

Chad is keen on getting into the best college in the state. However, the college rejects his Apply. When comforted by his parents, Chad explains that he is not disappointed because if he had been accepted by the college, he would have had to move away from home. In this scenario, Chad's explanation best illustrates the defense mechanism of _____.

rationalization

Patrick has been confused about his sexual orientation for a few years. Even though he has had many girlfriends, he often feels attracted to men. However, in college, he strongly opposes the idea of same-sex relationships among his friends. According to Freud's psychoanalytic theory, Patrick's supposed homophobia best illustrates the defense mechanism of _____.

reaction formation

which of the following terms that even in the face of adversity a person shows sign of positive functioning?

resilience

the most significant difference between males and females in the human sexual response pattern identified masters and johnson occurs at the ___

resolution phase

At age thirty-three, Ricky is a highly ranked partner in a law firm. He lives by himself and doesn't find the time to socialize. He has a lavish house with an elaborate security system and owns a luxurious sports car. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, which of the following can best explain Ricky's discontentment with life?

rickys need for belongingness is not being met

according to maslows hierarchy of needs theory, before a person can feel safe, he needs to:

satisfy his physiological needs

jack and his new girlfriend, samantha, are having sexual intercourse with each other for the first time. Even though Jack's focus is on achieving orgasm, he spends time on foreplay and increasing Samantha's pleasure, because he knows that this will increase her sexual satisfaction and make her appreciate him more. Jack's idea of what is expected of him sexually is known as a _____.

sexual script

the____ approach to gender development suggests the gender behavior is learned through reward and punishment, observational learning, and modeling

social cognitive

____ perspectives on personality emphasize concious awareness, beliefs, expectations, and goals

social cognitve

Harry, a fourteen-year-old, wants to join the army when he is eighteen. He believes that defending the country is a man's job, because men are brave and physically stronger than women. Harry's beliefs and expectations about the responsibilities of men can best be explained by the _____.

social role

which division of the nervous system sis working when we experience emotions

sympathetic division of the neverous

according to Piaget, accommodation refer to

the adjustment of current schemas in order to make sense of new experiences

which of the following is projective test

thematic apperception test (TAT)

Joanna was born a girl. However, she never identifies herself as female. She refers to herself as Joe and dresses like a boy. Joanna is angry or irritable if anyone treats her like a girl. She is unable to accept the fact that she is biologically a female. In the context of sex and gender, Joanna is most likely a (n) _____.

transgender individual

in the harry harlows classic attachment study, they found that monkeys were _______

were more attached to artifical mothers who were warm and soft

according to the yerkes- dodson law, optimum performance is achieved

when one is moderately