Psychology Final

If I am looking at a snake and processing the fear caused by the snake, what part of my brain am I using?

Amygdala

Who developed client-centered therapy?

Carl Rogers

Elena finds it very difficult to remember a long string of numbers, so she tries to memorize three numbers at a time. Later, she is able to repeat the numbers correctly because she grouped the numbers into more manageable groups of three. This is an example of ________.

Chunking

Ina can no longer read the street signs, but she refuses to admit she needs glasses to drive. Which defense mechanism does this exemplify?

Denial

Theorists who view development as ________ believe that development takes place in unique stages.

Discontinuous

The traits openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism are key components of the ________.

Five Factor Model

When people reach their 40s, they enter the time known as middle adulthood, which extends to the mid-60s. This involves finding their life's work and contributing to the development of others through activities such as volunteering, mentoring, and raising children. What is the primary developmental task of this stage?

Generativity vs. stagnation

Balancing, running, and jumping are all examples of ________ motor skills.

Gross

________ describes a proportion of difference among people that is attributed to genetics.

Heritability

Which part of my brain is probably damaged if I am unable to recognize basic objects around my house?

Hippocampus

When people say you never forget how to ride a bike, they are referring to ________ memory, also called non-declarative memory.

Implicit

People in early adulthood (20s through early 40s) are ready to establish emotional closeness and maintain relationships with others. What is the primary developmental task of this stage?

Intimacy vs. isolation

Who suggested that men have womb envy because they cannot give birth?

Karen Horney

The concept conservation refers to ________.

Knowing that even if you change the appearance of something, it is still equal in size as long as nothing has been removed or added

In order for a memory to go into storage (i.e., long-term memory), it has to pass through three distinct stages: sensory memory, short-term memory, and ________ memory.

Long term

A developmental psychologist might use ________ to observe how children behave on a playground, at a daycare center, or in the child's own home.

Naturalistic observation

________ development involves growth and changes in the body and brain, the senses, motor skills, and health and wellness.

Physical

________ development involves emotions, personality, and social relationships.

Psychosocial

When you take a multiple-choice test, you are relying on ________, a means of retrieving information out of your long-term memory storage system that helps you choose the correct answer.

Recognition

The act of getting information out of memory storage and back into conscious awareness is known as ________.

Retrieval

Jason studies Spanish for three years, and then switches to Pashto. When asked to remember Spanish vocabulary he can't, instead he can only remember Pashto vocabulary. This is an example of ________ interference.

Retroactive

Ben is asked to memorize the words canine, feline, and avian. He remembers the words by associating them with their synonyms: dog, cat, and bird. This is an example of ________ encoding.

Semantic

Who developed psychoanalysis?

Sigmund Freud

Who developed the first comprehensive theory of personality?

Sigmund Freud

Dozens of people witness a purse snatching. One of the eyewitnesses loudly yells "the man with the blue shirt did it." Later, when questioned by police, several other eyewitnesses remember the purse snatcher wearing a blue shirt, even though the purse snatcher was a woman in flowered dress. This is an example of ________: the effects of misinformation from external sources that leads to the creation of false memories.

Suggestibility

A ________ is any environmental agent—biological, chemical, or physical—that causes damage.

Teratogen

________ theorists attempt to explain our personality by identifying our stable characteristics and ways of behaving.

Trait

A(an) ________ begins as a one-cell structure that is created when a sperm and egg merge.

Zygote

Lovell is noticeably fidgety and jittery. He can't sit still; he paces, wrings his hands, and pulls at his clothing constantly. Lovell suffers from psychomotor________.

agitation

Paxil, Prozac, and Zoloft are examples of ________.

antidepressants

A panic disorder is a type of ________disorder characterized by panic attacks, along with at least one month of worry about panic attacks or self-defeating behavior related to the attacks.

anxiety

Kaz wants to stop biting his nails, so he rubs a strong bitter paste under his nails to make his nails taste bad. What technique is Kaz using to stop biting his nails?

aversive conditioning

Renzo's therapist helps him learn to overcome his fear of dogs through several stages of relaxation techniques. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify?

behavior therapy

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? "The psychological perspective views disorders as linked to biological phenomena, such as genetic factors, chemical imbalances, and brain abnormalities."

change the word "psychological" to the word "biological"

Addiction is often viewed as a(an) ________ disease.

chronic

In the free association technique of psychoanalysis, the ________.

client says whatever comes to mind at the moment

What is comorbidity?

co-occurrence of two disorders

Which term refers to the fact that the therapist cannot disclose private communications to any third party unless mandated or permitted by law to do so?

confidentiality

The ________ model suggests that people with a predisposition for a disorder are more likely to develop the disorder when faced with adverse environmental or psychological events.

diathesis-stress

What symptom of schizophrenia spectrum disorder is illustrated by the following example? So bees with knees have fleas and fleas jump, I jump like a jack, Jack the Giant Killer. Giants kill and transform things and something happened, but we can't hear because our eyes are like flies that flew away.

disorganized thinking

The ________ personality is anxious, self-conscious, artistic, thoughtful, quiet, and private.

ectomorph

Hans and Sybil Eysenck viewed people as having two specific personality dimensions: ________.

extroversion/introversion; neuroticism/stability

The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) is a projective test ________.

in which people are presented with ambiguous images

During the therapist's first meeting with the client, called ________, the therapist gathers specific information to address the client's immediate needs.

intake

What kind of symptoms involves reflecting noticeable decreases and absences in certain behaviors, emotions, or drives?

negative

If Laura has bipolar disorder, then she ________.

often experiences mood states that vacillate between depression and mania

________ delusions involve the (false) belief that other people or agencies are plotting to harm the person.

paranoid

Yuri experiences excessive, distressing, and persistent fear or anxiety about heights. As a result of this fear he avoids open staircases. Yuri suffers from a(n) ________.

phobia

In medieval times, abnormal behaviors were viewed as a sign that a person was ________.

possessed by demons

Dr. Grimes conducts a ________ by requesting that his patient respond to ambiguous stimuli, thus revealing hidden feelings, impulses, and desires.

projective test