Psychology FINAL EXAM

Which of the following is FALSE regarding violent crimes? -Mass-killing shooters are more likely to be young males than any other demographic. -Those diagnosed with psychological disorders are more likely to be victims, rather than perpetrators, of violent crime. -Focusing gun restrictions on those suffering from psychological disorders will reduce gun violence substantially. -The use of alcohol and drugs, brain damage, and a history of previous violence are all good predictors of violent crime.

Focusing gun restrictions on those suffering from psychological disorders will reduce gun violence substantially.

Which of the following people has the more dysfunctional disorder? -Mary, who developed major depressive disorder when she was young -Tracey, who suffers from bipolar disorder -Sam, who has been diagnosed with disruptive mood dysregulation disorder -Brandon, who was recently diagnosed with major depressive disorder

Tracey, who suffers from bipolar disorder

Jeff believes that someone has been following him and trying to poison his drinks. This belief is an example of... -catatonia. -disorganized speech. -a hallucination. -a delusion.

a delusion

Those with an avoidant personality disorder are most likely to display... -a lack of guilt feelings. -a fear of social rejection. -a sense of self-importance. -shallow, attention-getting emotions.

a fear of social rejection

Emily attributes her failure to qualify for her college soccer team to factors that are stable, global, and internal. She best illustrates... -linkage analysis. -learned helplessness. -an optimistic explanatory style. -a pessimistic explanatory style.

a pessimistic explanatory style

The social-cognitive perspective has emphasized that depression is perpetuated by... -underactivity of the frontal lobe. -a pessimistic explanatory style. -a dysfunctional hippocampus. -epigenetics.

a pessimistic explanatory style

A disorder in which a person loses contact with reality and experiences irrational ideas and disordered perceptions is... -a psychotic disorder. -bulimia nervosa. -a personality disorder. -a dissociation.

a psychotic disorder

Stephanie has recently been diagnosed with schizophrenia. One of her symptoms is that she has problems with reasoning, making plans, and solving problems. Her physicians have explained that this is likely caused by... -increased activity in her amygdala. -overactivity in the thalamus. -an overabundance of dopamine receptors in the brain. -abnormally low brain activity in the frontal lobes.

abnormally low brain activity in the frontal lobes

Rates of nonsuicidal self-injury in the United States are highest among.. -older adult males. -adolescent females. -adolescent males. -older adult females.

adolescent females

Sadie is so fearful of being overwhelmed by anxiety that she rarely steps outside her apartment. The thought of going shopping and getting lost in a crowd terrifies her, so she has her groceries delivered. Because of her fear, she earns her living as a freelance writer, working at home. Sadie's behavior is most characteristic of... -generalized anxiety disorder. -obsessive-compulsive disorder. -posttraumatic stress disorder. -agoraphobia.

agoraphobia

Maladaptive behaviors that reduce worry and fear are most indicative of.... -survivor resiliency. -epigenetics. -an anxiety disorder. -natural selection.

an anxiety disorder

Anthony is 32 years old, well above average in intelligence, and quite charming. He has swindled several older people out of their life savings, and he seems to have little feeling for his victims, nor does he fear the consequences of getting caught. His behavior is evidence of... -antisocial personality disorder. -borderline personality disorder. -schizotypal personality disorder. -a dissociative disorder.

antisocial personality disorder

Which of the following disorders is more common among men than women? -antisocial personality disorder -anorexia nervosa -binge eating disorder -dissociative identity disorder

antisocial personality disorder

The risk of suicide is greatest when people... -begin to rebound from their depression. -anticipate the onset of a depressive episode. -experience depressive symptoms at their most extreme levels of severity. -experience the first symptoms of a depressive episode.

begin to rebound from their depression

The interaction of genetic predispositions, mental processes, and cultural circumstances is most clearly emphasized by the.... -DSM-5. -immigrant paradox. -medical model -biopsychosocial approach.

biopsychosocial approach

Melissa has been depressed for the last month. Suddenly she has become euphoric and hyperactive, and she runs around the apartment complex claiming that she alone could solve the world's energy problems. Melissa is suffering from -bipolar disorder. -major depressive disorder. -learned helplessness. -rumination.

bipolar disorder

Which of the following statements is true of bulimia nervosa? -People with bulimia continue to want to lose weight even when they are underweight. -People with bulimia are almost always male. -Bulimia is marked by weight fluctuations within or above normal ranges. -If one twin is diagnosed with bulimia, the chances of the other twin's sharing the disorder are greater if they are fraternal rather than identical twins.

bulimia is marked by weight fluctuations within or above normal ranges

Frequent exposure to images of thin fashion models and celebrities is most likely to be a factor contributing to the development of.. -bulimia nervosa. -antisocial personality disorder. -binge-eating disorder. -dissociative identity disorder.

bulimia nervosa

The DSM-5 is most likely to be criticized for.... -attempting to explain behavior by simply labeling it. -failing to base diagnoses on observable behaviors. -classifying an excessively broad range of human behaviors as psychologically disordered. -inhibiting scientific efforts to discover the underlying causes of psychological disorders.

classifying an excessively broad range of human behaviors as psychologically disordered

Irrational beliefs and hypervigilance to any possible threats can sometimes contribute to feelings of anxiety. This best illustrates that anxiety disorders, OCD, and PTSD can be affected by.... -conditioning. -stimulus generalization. -repressed memories. -cognitive influences.

cognitive influences

Luke suffers from acrophobia, a fear of high places. His therapist suggests that his reaction to heights is a generalization of the fear triggered by a childhood playground accident in which he fell off a jungle gym. The therapist's suggestion indicates that he believes Luke's fear results from... -genes. -epigenetics. -a biological predisposition. -conditioning.

conditioning

At different months of the year, one survey asked Americans "Have you cried today?" The percentage who said "yes" was highest in.. -June. -December. -September. -March.

december

Abnormally low levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin are associated with... -mania. -depression. -bipolar disorder. -disruptive mood dysregulation disorder.

depression

A sense of being separated from your body and watching yourself with a sense of detachment is a symptom of.. -avoidant personality disorder. -dissociation. -binge eating disorder. -narcissistic personality disorder.

dissociation

The DSM-5 classifies major depressive disorder as the presence of at least five of a list of nine symptoms, occurring over two weeks. At least one of those five symptoms must be either (1) depressed mood most of the time or (2)... -feeling worthless, or feeling unwarranted guilt. -dramatically reduced interest or enjoyment in most activities most of the time. -thinking repetitively of death and suicide. -physical agitation or lethargy.

dramatically reduced interest or enjoyment in most activities most of the time

Maureen endured food poisoning during her childhood that blocked the expression of some of her genes. As a result, she now suffers from a severe psychological disorder. Her experience best illustrates the importance of... -epigenetic effects. -natural selection. -the DSM-5. -the social-cultural perspective.

epigenetic effects

During prenatal development, nutritional deprivation may influence the expression of certain genes that are known to increase the risk of specific physical and psychological disorders. This best illustrates the impact of... -impaired theory of mind. -emotional intelligence. -dissociation. -epigenetic factors.

epigenetic factors

Gina and Tina are identical twins. Gina has had a series of traumas and has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. Tina is demonstrating no symptoms of schizophrenia. Because schizophrenia tends to run in families, the difference between the twins can be explained through.... -the medical model. -the stress of childbirth. -cultural influences. -epigenetics.

epigenetics

TorF: Bipolar disorder, previously known as multiple personality disorder, is a rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct or alternating (bipolar) identities.

false

TorF: Those with antisocial personality disorder usually regret criminal behavior when they later realize that they have hurt others.

false

The reduced self-control of murderers is most closely related to reduced brain activity in their ________ lobes. -frontal -parietal -temporal -occipital

frontal

A traumatic experience may trigger a lasting phobia in a child with a sensitive, high-strung temperament. The same experience, however, may have no long-term impact on a child with a more relaxed temperament. This best illustrates the role of ________ in the development of phobias.... -free-floating anxiety -genetic predispositions -resiliency -epigenetics

genetic predispositions

Vigorous activity in the thalamus of schizophrenia patients has been found to be associated with... -repetitive rocking motions. -flat affect. -hearing voices. -disorganized speech.

hearing voices

According to a survey conducted with Dutch people, if someone has a specific phobia, which of the following fears are likely to become a phobia? -storms -blood -being alone -heights

heights

Suicide rates in the United States are ________ among Whites than Blacks and ________ among men than women.

higher; higher

Cognitive changes that accompany depression include a(n)... -decrease in self-focused thinking. -increased expectation of negative outcomes. -increased obsession with experiencing physical pleasure. -increased externalization of blame.

increased expectation of negative outcomes

As compared with his wife, Jane, Jim is at an increased risk for developing a disorder that involves external symptoms. Which of the following is NOT one of those disorders? -antisocial conduct -alcohol use disorder -lack of impulse control -inhibited sexual desire

inhibited sexual desire

Dysfunctional behaviors are maladaptive, which means that they.... -can result only from genetic changes. -interfere with normal day-to-day life. -differ from those of most other people in your culture. -are socially unacceptable.

interfere with normal day-to-day life

ADHD is diagnosed ________ often in girls than in boys. A 2013 study indicated that ________ percent of 4- to 17-year-olds receive the diagnosis after displaying key symptoms.... -more; 18 -less; 11 -more; 9 -less; 5

less; 11

Generalized anxiety disorder is ________ common among men than women, and the symptoms last ________..... -more; 3 months -more; for at least a year -less; for a few days -less; 6 months or more

less; 6 months or more

A state in which an individual is overexcited, hyperactive, and wildly optimistic is known as.... -depression. -rumination. -mania. -disruptive mood dysregulation disorder.

mania

In comparison with generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder is characterized by periods of distress that are... -more intense and more prolonged. -more intense and less prolonged. -less intense and less prolonged. -less intense and more prolonged.

more intense and less prolonged

Drugs that alleviate mania tend to reduce levels of the neurotransmitter... -norepinephrine. -dopamine. -glutamate. -serotonin.

norepinephrine

The anterior cingulate cortex, a brain region that monitors our actions and checks for errors, seems especially likely to be hyperactive in those with... -generalized anxiety disorder. -social anxiety disorder. -obsessive-compulsive disorder. -posttraumatic stress disorder.

obsessive-compulsive disorder

Every time she goes out, Carrie has to rush home after being overwhelmed by dizzy spells, a racing heart, and feeling as though she can't breathe. Finally, she decides to go to the emergency department but a thorough examination rules out any medical problem. Nevertheless, Carrie has become increasingly fearful about having more episodes and has restricted her activities to only the most essential outings. Carrie seems to be displaying symptoms of... -generalized anxiety disorder. -posttraumatic stress disorder. -social anxiety disorder. -panic disorder.

panic disorder

Jayne was in a fast-food restaurant when a man walked in and committed an armed robbery of the restaurant. Although Jayne was not injured in the armed robbery, she has since been unable to return to work. She can't seem to stop thinking about the event. She has recurrent nightmares, is unable to sleep, and does not want to leave her home. It is most likely that Jayne is suffering from.... -posttraumatic stress disorder. -social anxiety disorder. -generalized anxiety disorder. -obsessive-compulsive disorder.

posttraumatic stress disorder

Gender differences in depression are least noticeable among.. -older adults. -young adults. -preadolescent children. -teen children.

preadolescent children

Positive symptoms of schizophrenia are the ________ of inappropriate behaviors, and negative symptoms are the ________ of appropriate behaviors. -absence; presence -absence; absence -presence; absence -presence; presence

presence; absence

Unlike those with bulimia nervosa, those with binge-eating disorder are NOT likely to ________ following binge eating... -experience remorse -gain weight -purge or fast -suffer indigestion

purge or fast

College students were asked to pretend that they were accused murderers. Under hypnosis, they typically expressed a second personality when prompted to do so by the examining psychiatrist. This most strongly suggests that dissociative identity disorder may involve... -unconscious fear. -role playing. -biosocial factors. -low self-esteem.

role playing

Jabar, a 25-year-old auto mechanic, thinks he is Napoleon. He further believes he is being imprisoned against his will in the psychiatric hospital where his relatives have brought him for treatment. Jabar is most likely suffering from... -multiple personality disorder. -dissociative identity disorder. -schizophrenia. -borderline personality disorder.

schizophrenia

Some psychological disorders occur primarily in one culture. However, ________ occurs worldwide..... -schizophrenia -susto -taijin-kyofusho -anorexia nervosa

schizophrenia

Melinda believes that she will never be good enough for her parents, no matter what she does. This is an example of a... -rumination. -negative explanatory style. -learned helplessness. -self-defeating belief.

self-defeating belief

Some studies suggest that genes influence anxiety disorders by regulating brain levels of neurotransmitters, including ________, which influences sleep, mood, and attending to threat.... -glutamate -dopamine -acetylcholine -serotonin

serotonin

Persistent avoidance of social situations due to an intense fear of being negatively evaluated by others is most characteristic of... -social anxiety disorder. -free-floating anxiety. -obsessive-compulsive disorder. -panic disorder.

social anxiety disorder

People who suffer chronic depression are at high risk for experiencing... -unrealistic optimism. -reduced self-awareness. -social rejection. -excessive levels of norepinephrine.

social rejection

Which perspective suggests that explaining our own failures in terms that are global, stable, and internal contributes to depression? -epigenetic -social-cognitive -linkage analysis -biological

social-cognitive

Although Adderall is a ________ drug, it is commonly used in the treatment of ________..... -stimulant; PTSD -stimulant; ADHD -depressant; PTSD -depressant; ADHD

stimulant; ADHD

As a child, Brenda was punished for every little misbehavior. As an adult, Brenda has recovered from the severe stress she experienced as a child, although she does not have a close relationship with her parents. She is displaying... -free-floating anxiety. -social anxiety. -survivor resiliency. -a specific phobia.

survivor resiliency

The fact that 11 percent of 4- to 17-year-old children and only 2.5 percent of adults meet the criteria for a diagnosis of ADHD may indicate that.. -symptoms related to ADHD lessen as children grow into adults. -clinicians are inconsistent in how they diagnose ADHD. -there is no such thing as ADHD. -there is too much controversy around the disorder.

symptoms related to ADHD lessen as children grow into adults

The incidence of OCD is greatest among.... -preadolescent children. -middle-aged adults. -teens and young adults. -older retired persons.

teens and young adults

Among those seeking professional help for psychological disorders, eligibility for treatment is most likely to be guided by the use of the diagnostic criteria provided by.... -field trials. -the DSM-5. -maladaptive behaviors. -the biopsychosocial approach.

the DSM-5

Mexican-Americans born in the United States are at greater risk of mental disorder than people who have recently immigrated from Mexico to the United States. This provides an example of.... -taijin-kyofusho. -the epigenetic advantage. -susto. - the immigrant paradox.

the immigrant paradox

People with schizophrenia who experience hallucinations and delusions and speak in word salad are demonstrating... -antisocial personality disorder. -the positive symptoms of schizophrenia. -the negative symptoms of schizophrenia. -catatonia.

the positive symptoms of schizophrenia

Research regarding depression indicates that... -depression is unlikely to be overcome without professional help. -depression is associated with abnormally high levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin. -depression is typically unrelated to stressful life events. -with each new generation, depression is increasing in its prevalence.

with each new generation, depression is increasing in its prevalence