Psychology final exam

Madeline is seven months old. Her mother is eating a cookie and Madeline wants some. Her mother hides the cookie under a napkin, but Madeline is not fooled. She knows the cookie is still there. What does this exemplify?

object permanence

Following an outcome, ________ are those attributions that enable us to see ourselves in favorable light.

self-serving bias

Francis takes his six-month-old daughter to daycare. A substitute provider is there, and his daughter begins crying. She clings to her father and hides her face. What does this exemplify?

stranger anxiety

Which of the following strategies would effectively reduce racism?

teaching children to think independently and challenge social norms that promote racism

Honeybees can see light in the ________ range of the electromagnetic spectrum.

ultraviolet

Suppose you are watching a movie on a large screen. For a fraction of a second, the words "drink cola" flash on the screen. You do not perceive the word "drink cola" because it is beyond your absolute threshold. In example the message "drink cola" is an example of ______ .

A subliminal message

What symptoms of schizophrenia spectrum disorder is illustrated by the following example? So bees with knees have plead and fleas jump, I jump like a jack, Jack the giant killer. Giant kill and transform things and something happened, but we can't hear because our eyes are like flies that flew away.

Disorganized thinking

Which type of persuasion involves encouraging a person to agree to a small favor or to buy a small item, only to late request a larger favor or purchase of a larger item?

Foot-in-the-door

What is the main point of the textbook discussion of Milgram's obedience study?

Individuals will obey authority to the point of potentially causing serious harm to another person.

Dr.Bronson treats Parkinson's disorders with a relatively new surgical procedure, known as the ____?

Microchip implants

Derek wants to win the student of the year award so badly that when the name of the award winner is announced, he is convinced that he hears his name. He stands up and begins to leave the aisle when his friend grabs his hand. Someone else won the award. This illustrates how ________can affect perception.

Motivation

What kind of symptoms involves reflecting noticeable decreases and absences in certain behaviors, emotions, or drives?

Negative

If Laura has bipolar disorder, then she ________.

Often experiences mood stages that vacillate between depression and mania

Which statement about social psychology is most accurate?

People's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by social situations

In medieval times, abnormal behaviors were viewed as a sign that a person was ____.

Possessed by demons

18-month-old Gordon learned the schema for apples. When Gordon sees tomatoes at the grocery store, he says, "Look mommy, apples!" His mother tells him that the food he sees at the store is a tomato, not an apple. He now has separate schemata for tomatoes and apples. This exemplifies ________.

accommodation

Lovell is noticeably fidgety and jittery. He can't sit still; he paces, wrings his hands, and pulls at his clothing constantly. Lovell suffers from psychomotor________.

agitation

Which parenting style is most encouraged in modern America?

authoritative

As toddlers (ages 1-3 years) begin to explore their world, they learn that they can control their actions and act on the environment to get results. What is the primary developmental task of this stage?

autonomy vs shame/doubt

Behavior is a product of both the situation and the person. Which of the following is an example of a situation that might influence behavior?

being in a crowd of bystanders when you witness someone fainting

Jory, a six year old, is picking out a card for his mother's birthday. He picks the card with a picture of Lightning McQueen, reasoning that since he loves Cars his mother does to. What does this exemplify?

egocentrism

Nicole wants a cookie. Heather has a cookie. Nicole pushes Heather and takes her cookie. Nicole doesn't intend to hurt Heather, Nicole just wants the cookie. This is an example of ________.

instrumental aggression

____ can increase the risk of obesity and diabetes as well as elevate cholesterol levels; it can also cause constipation, dry mouth, blurred vision, drowsiness, and dizziness.

Atypical antipsychotics

Etiology is another word for ________.

Causes

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? "The psychological perspective views disorders as linked to biological phenomena, such as genetic factors, chemical imbalances, and brain abnormalities."

Change the word "psychological" to the word "biological"

Which group is play therapy often used to treat?

Children

Addiction is often viewed as a(an) ________ disease.

Chronic

ECT stands for _____?

Electroconvulsive therapy

Which of the following describes the difference in stimuli required to detect a difference between the stimuli

Just noticable

Who was the social psychology professor at Yale who designed an obedience study in order to test the defense of "I was just following orders" typically used by accused Nazis?

Milgram

A developmental psychologist might use _____ to observe how children behave on a playground, at a daycare center, or in the child's own home.

Naturalistic observation

Which nerve carries visual information from the retina to the brain?

Optic

___ development involves growth and changes in the body and brain, the senses, motor skills, and health and wellness.

Physical

Who developed psychoanalysis?

Sigmund Freud

On the advice of her therapist, Thora decides to treat her fear of nights by exposing herself to heights using a stimulus hierarchy. Which form of therapy is she using?

Systematic desensitization

What is amplitude?

The height of a wave

Sariah enters a room with several chirping crickets in it. Upon first entering the room, Sariah can hear the chirping; however, as she begins to talk to her friends, she is no longer aware of the chirping even though it is still there. The fact that Sariah no longer perceives the chirping sound demonstrates sensory ________.

adaptation

Paxil, Prozac, and Zoloft are examples of ________.

antidepressants

Which kind of therapy involves a therapeutic orientation that employs principles of learning to help clients change undesirable behaviors?

behavior

Hertz is a measure of

frequency

Kara gets an F on her social psychology exam. Then she goes home and gets into an argument with her roommate, Lee. Lee assumes Kara is yelling at him because she likes to bully him, not because she had a bad day. Lee is making a ________.

fundamental attribution error

Miguel worries excessively about things beyond his control, and his worries often interfere with his life. He avoids driving because he worries about car accidents. He calls his parents twice a day because he worries they are dead. He checks his credit card statement three times a day because he worries about identity theft. Miguel probably suffers from ________.

generalized anxiety disorder

Yuri experiences excessive, distressing, and persistent fear or anxiety about heights. Yuri suffers from a(n) ________.

phobia

Which type of processing involves the interpretation of sensations and is influenced by available knowledge, Experiences, and thoughts?

top-down

Catherine is at a crowded baseball game when she loses track of her son, Nick. Despite the loud cheering and noise of the crowd, she can pinpoint his location when he calls for her because she can distinguish the sound of his voice from all the other voices. This illustrates _____ theory.

Signal detection

The belief that you _____ is an example of a delusion.

can perform miracle

Don knows that drinking too much liquor is a costly habit that is bad for his health, but he continues to drink large amounts of liquor. He also thinks he is a smart person that makes good choices. Don feels some psychological discomfort from this contradiction, which is also called ________.

cognitive dissonance

Specific normative events are also called ________.

developmental milestones

Theorists who view development as ________ believe that development takes place in unique stages.

discontinuous

Donna exhibits two separate personalities, each well-defined and distinct from one another, so Dr. Paulson diagnosed Donna with ________ disorder.

dissociative identity