Psychology Final

conventional

Annaliese knows that her friend is paying an online service to write a term paper. This bothers her, but she knows that if she tells the teacher everyone will think she is a snitch. She decides her friends' approval is more important, so she says nothing about the cheating. What stage of moral reasoning does this exemplify?

autonomy vs. shame/doubt

As toddlers (ages 1-3 years) begin to explore their world, they learn that they can control their actions and act on the environment to get results. What is the primary developmental task of this stage?

experimental method

Attempts to explain behavior

formal operational

Children in the ________ stage can use abstract thinking to problem solve, look at alternative solutions, and test these solutions

empathy

In the following statements, identify which part of the "growth promoting climate" has been ignored. Mary feels sorry for Jessica because she has an abusive husband.

relative deprivation principle

Indicate the principle of happiness represented by the following statements: We are worse off than others we compare ourselves to.

narcissism

Intense self-love,self-indulgence, putting self over others

external locus of control

Jeff thinks Todd made an "A" on his exam because he was lucky enough to study the right things.

It is stimatizing

Labeling a person with a mental health diagnosis often affects people adversely by:

ego

Reality principle, keep things in balance

positive reinforcement

Rick wants his daughter, Sally, to do a good job cleaning her room. He promises her 30 minutes of extra tv time if her bed is made when he gets home from work.

conditioned response

Running into the kitchen when Puffy hears the can opener is a(n)

positive

Sam is 2yrs old. He cries each time him and his mom are at the check out at Wal-mart for a candy bar. Mom gets tired of him crying and gets the candy bar. Sam has just been __________ reinforced for crying.

observational learning

What type of learning that has occured when Tommy's attempt to touch the door frame like his brother, is an example of

type B personality

What type of personality is best described by being relaxed, down to earth, easy going?

secondary reinforcement

What type of reinforcement is a college degree?

secondary reinforcement

What type of reinforcement is praise for a job well done?

experimental method

What type of research attemps to show possible cause and effect of one factor by keeping all other factors the same?

experimental method

What type of research attempts to control behavior?

correlation

What type of research attempts to predict behavior?

naturalistic observation

What type of research studies something in its natural environment?

true

T/F: A person who spends her Saturday on a hike and picnic in the park is more likely to feel happy than someone who spent the day watching T.V.

true

T/F: According to the catharsis theory, your expression of anger should be directed only at the person who made you angry.

true

T/F: Chemical communication takes place BETWEEN two neurons.

true

T/F: Finding some outlet for your anger, such as jogging or scrubbing your bathtub, may help you gain control over it.

True

T/F: Happy people tend to make decisions easily.

false

T/F: Neurons are able to communicate with one another because they touch when communication is taking place.

false

T/F: People who have really great things happen to them, such as winning the lottery, tend to be happier than the rest of us.

false

T/F: People who have really terrible things happen to them, such as losing their eyesight, tend to be sadder than the rest of us.

false

T/F: The fight/flight response that is triggered by fear is very useful in coping with the threats in our modern culture.

false

T/F: The gestures we use to express emotion are similar from culture to culture.

true

T/F: When you're angry, don't rehearse.

false

T/F: You are likely to become just as angry at your friend when she hurts your feelings by accident as when she does it on purpose.

false

T/F: The physiological arousal we experience with fear is different than that for anger.

aptitude

Test that trys to predict a persons future performance; the capacity to learn.

chromosomes

Threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain the gene are called:

attention

Tommy noticing Jake touch the door frame is an example of

production

Tommy's attempt to touch the door frame is an example of

bulimia nervosa

Which disorder is characterized by gorging on food and then purging?

anorexia nervosa

Which disorder is characterized by restricting food and increased exercising?

Anorexia Nervosa

Which disorder is most dangerous?

being exposed to a negative environment

Which is not a factor of developing schizophrenia?

genes and biology

What does nature refer to in the nature vs. nurture debate?

compulsions

What is it called when a person has repetitive behaviors or mental acts that a person feels driven to perform?

obsessions

What is when a person has recurrent, persistent thoughts, impulses, or images that are intrusive that cause anxiety?

4)

Which of the following are characteristics of left-handedness? 1) 8 to 10 percent of the population are left handed 2) more common in girls 3) orgins of handedness is genetic 4) 1 and 3 5)all the above

Schizophrenia with positive symptoms

Which type of Schizophrena that medications work best?

collectivistic society

Which type of socio cultural perspective looks at the whole family's goals,and life is centered around family and not the individual?

tv time every night

Which would most likely be a more effective reinforcer for Sally?

Lawrence Koberg

Who believed that moral development, like cognitive development, follows a series of stages

Andre, a competive, easily-angered journalist

Who is the best example of a Type A personality?

CS;CR

You always rattle a box of dog biscuits before giving your dog a treat. As you do so, your dog salivates. Rattling the box is a (n)________________; you dog's salivation is a (n)__________________.

independent variable

the type of fertilizer each field received would be the

internal locus of control

Identify the following individuals as having A or B: Ann thinks if she works very hard and dresses nicely, she'll get promoted to a management position.

repressing behavior

If Billy curses only when his Dad is not around to punish him, for Billy punishment is

discrimination

If Puffy runs into the kitchen only when Pat opens a can of cat food and not any other can, Puffy has learned

generalization

If Puffy runs into the kitchen when Pat opens any can of food, she is demonstrating

reliability

If a test yeilds consistent results every time it is used, it has a high degree of :

As height increases, weight increases

If height and boy weight are positively correlated, which of the following is true?

conditioned response

In Pavlov's exeriments, the dog's salivation triggered by the sound of the tone was a(n):

CS

In Pavlov's orginal experiment with dogs, the meat served is a(n):

postformal

In ________ thinking, decisions are made based on situations and circumstances, and logic is integrated with emotion as adults develop principles that depend on contexts.

experimental

In a test of the effects of cigarette smoking on physical health and development, groups of monkeys were raised in either a smoke-free or smoke-infested environment. Monkeys in the smoke-infested environment were exposed to the ________ condition.

dependent variable

In an experimental study of the extent to which mental alertness is inhibited by sleep deprivation, alertness is the:

DSM IV TR

In diagnosing people with mental health disorders, psychologists use _________ as guidelines to decide if a client meets the criteria.

biological constraints

"You can't teach a pig to sing", is an example of

naturalist observation

A developmental psychologist might use ________ to observe how children behave on a playground, at a daycare center, or in the child's own home.

mania

A hyperactive, wildly optimistic state.

self-actualization

Abraham Maslow suggested that those who fulfill their potential have satisfied the need for:

gross

Balancing, running, and jumping are all examples of ________ motor skills.

authoritative

Betty raises her children by having clear rules but also explaining the rules. She is warm and caring.

Authoritarian

Bill parents by being strict, relies on force when the children misbehave, does not allow discussions, and rarely gives hugs or praise.

discrimination

Billy is punished when he cusses in front of his dad. Now, he continues to cuss but not in front of dad. What did the punishment teach?

relative deprivation principle

Brad is bummed out because his neighbor, Jim, got a brand new truck and he's driving an old clunker.

shaping

By gradually increasing the requirements for extra tv time, Rick is using the principle of

histrionics

Doing extreme things to get attention

ramdom sampling

Every 10th child who is diagnosed with ADHD is asked to fill out a survey concerning the impact their symptons on their self esteem. The researchers were most clearly employing a technique known as:

the period of extinction

For items 7-11, refer to the following: Pat switches Puffy to a dry cat food. For almost a month Puffy still comes running into the kitchen when she hears the can opener. Even several months later, Puffy will still occasionally run to the kitchen when she hears the can opener. The time it takes Puffy to stop running to the kitchen when she no longer gets canned cat food is

unconditioned

For questions 1 through three, indicate whether the behavior is a unconditioned or conditioned response. Jumping at a loud noise

conditioned

Getting hungry when you see a Snickers Candy bar advertisement

fine

Grasping a toy, writing with a pencil, and using a spoon are all examples of ________ motor skills.

higher

Greater the emotional stress the___________ the risk of PTSD.

a need or desired that energizes and directs behavior toward a goal.

Motivation is defined by psychologists as:

the experimental group

Mr. Smith is considering a new fertilizer for his soy beans that claims to increase yields by 20%. He decides to fertilize the east 50 acres of his farm with the new fertilizer and the west 50 acres of his farm with his regular fertilizer. At the end of 3 months, he harvests and weighs his beans. The east field with the new fertilizer yielded 2.5 tons of beans, the west field yielded 2 tons of beans. In this experimental study the east field with the new fertilizer would be

delusions

Negative symptoms of schizophrenia consist of all the following except:

cognitions

Offering Sally some fried eggplant for cleaning her room is not likely to work because of her

assimilation

One-year-old Ainsley learned the schema for trucks because his family has a truck. When Ainsley sees trucks on television, she says, "Look mommy, truck!" This exemplifies ________.

psychoanalysis

Personality is based on unconscious

social cognitive

Personality is based on watching and modeling others

characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting

Personality is best defined as an individual's:

have a sudden onset of symptoms in their early 20'S

Prognosis of schizophrenia is better in those who:

Uninvolved

Ray lets his children do as they want and rarely takes part in their lives. He goes days without saying anything to them.

afferent neurons

Sensory neurons are also specifically called:

learned helplessness

Sometimes Billy's dad laughs at him when he curses, sometimes he slaps his face. This inconsistent punishment could lead to

universal

Stage theories hold that the sequence of development is ________.

naturalistic observation

Studies something in its natural environment:

Permissive

Sue parents by letting her children do pretty much what they want to. She gives hugs and lets them have a say. She treats her children as friends.

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Sue was abused by her stepdad a couple of years ago. Since then she has nightmares, has recurrent thoughts of the event, feelings of detachment, and difficulty falling asleep. Her symptoms are most consistent with the diagnosis:

positive

The less salt an individual eats the lower their blood pressure.

negative

The more often a student attends class, the less likely he/she is to fail the class.

food and drink

The most basic or lowest-level need in Maslow's hierarchy of human motives includes the need for:

antisocial

The person usually exhibits a lack of conscious for wrong doing, even towards friends and family--may be aggressive and ruthless, a con artist.

neurogenesis

The production or development of new neurons is called:

conditioned stimulus

The sound of the can opener is a(n)

achievement

These tests attempt to assess what you have learned.

survey

This type of study is sometimes ineffective because of wording bias.

Rorschach

Which of the following is an example of a subjective test?

random sampling

Which of the following scientific procedures is most useful for helping researchers avoid false generalizations?

somatic nervous system

Which part of the nervous system is responsible for voluntary movements, such as raising your hand?

Males 65 and older

Which population has the highest incidence of suicide?

reliability

__________ of a test is the stability of one's test results from one testing to another

standardization

____________ is the process that checks out scores of a test with people of various ages and from various groups.

trait theory

personality is based on 5 stable aspects