Psychology in Your Life; Chapter 14

Psychopathology

Sickness or disorder of the mind

Disorganized Speech

Speaking in an incoherent way that involves frequently changing topics and saying strange or inappropriate things

Negative Symptoms

Symptoms of schizophrenia that are marked by deficits in functioning, such as apathy, lack of emotion, and slowed speech and movement.

Positive symptoms

Symptoms of schizophrenia that are marked by excesses in functioning, such as delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized speech or behavior

Disorganized Behavior

Acting in strange or unusual ways, including strange movement of limbs and inappropriate self-care, such as failing to dress properly or bathe

Agoraphobia

An anxiety disorder marked by fear of being in situations form which escape may be difficult or impossible

Panic Disorder

An anxiety disorder that consists of sudden, overwhelming attacks of terror

Autism Spectrum Disorder

A developmental disorder characterized by deficits in social interaction, impairs communication, and restricted, repetitive behavior and interests.

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

A diffuse state of constant anxiety not associated with any specific object or event

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

A disorder characterized by excessive activity or fidgeting, inattentiveness, and impulsivity

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

A disorder characterized by frequent intrusive thoughts that create anxiety and compulsive actions that temporarily reduce the anxiety

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

A mental disorder that involves frequent nightmares, intrusive thoughts, and flashbacks related to an earlier trauma

Borderline Personality Disorder

A personality disorder characterized by disturbances in identity, in moods, and in impulse control

Antisocial Personality Disorder (APD)

A personality disorder marked by disregarded for and violation of the rights of others an by lack of remorse.

Schizophrenia

A psychological disorder characterized by a split between thought and emotion where a person has difficulty distinguishing whether altered thoughts, perceptions, and conscious experiences and real versus what are imagined.

Etiology

Factors that contribute to the development of a disorder

Delusions

False beliefs based on incorrect inferences about reality

Hallucinations

False sensory perceptions that are experienced with an external source

Phobia

Fear of a specific object or situation that is out of proportion with an actual threat

Dissociative Amnesia

Mental disorder that involves disruptions of memory for personal facts or loss of conscious awareness for a period of time

Major Depressive Disorder

Mood Disorder, characterized by extremely depressed moods or a lack of interest in normally pleasurable activities, that persists for 2 weeks or more.

Bipolar II Disorder

Mood disorder characterized by alternating periods of extremely depressed and mildly elevated moods

Bipolar I Disorder

Mood disorder characterized by extremely elevated moods during manic episodes

Persistent Depressive Disorder

Mood disorder, characterized by mildly or moderately depressed moods, that persists for at least 2 years.

Diathesis-stress model

Proposes that a disorder may develop when an underlying vulnerability is coupled with a precipitating event

Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)

The occurrence of two or more distinct indentities in the same individual