Psychology in Your Life; Chapter 14
Psychopathology
Sickness or disorder of the mind
Disorganized Speech
Speaking in an incoherent way that involves frequently changing topics and saying strange or inappropriate things
Negative Symptoms
Symptoms of schizophrenia that are marked by deficits in functioning, such as apathy, lack of emotion, and slowed speech and movement.
Positive symptoms
Symptoms of schizophrenia that are marked by excesses in functioning, such as delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized speech or behavior
Disorganized Behavior
Acting in strange or unusual ways, including strange movement of limbs and inappropriate self-care, such as failing to dress properly or bathe
Agoraphobia
An anxiety disorder marked by fear of being in situations form which escape may be difficult or impossible
Panic Disorder
An anxiety disorder that consists of sudden, overwhelming attacks of terror
Autism Spectrum Disorder
A developmental disorder characterized by deficits in social interaction, impairs communication, and restricted, repetitive behavior and interests.
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
A diffuse state of constant anxiety not associated with any specific object or event
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
A disorder characterized by excessive activity or fidgeting, inattentiveness, and impulsivity
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
A disorder characterized by frequent intrusive thoughts that create anxiety and compulsive actions that temporarily reduce the anxiety
Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
A mental disorder that involves frequent nightmares, intrusive thoughts, and flashbacks related to an earlier trauma
Borderline Personality Disorder
A personality disorder characterized by disturbances in identity, in moods, and in impulse control
Antisocial Personality Disorder (APD)
A personality disorder marked by disregarded for and violation of the rights of others an by lack of remorse.
Schizophrenia
A psychological disorder characterized by a split between thought and emotion where a person has difficulty distinguishing whether altered thoughts, perceptions, and conscious experiences and real versus what are imagined.
Etiology
Factors that contribute to the development of a disorder
Delusions
False beliefs based on incorrect inferences about reality
Hallucinations
False sensory perceptions that are experienced with an external source
Phobia
Fear of a specific object or situation that is out of proportion with an actual threat
Dissociative Amnesia
Mental disorder that involves disruptions of memory for personal facts or loss of conscious awareness for a period of time
Major Depressive Disorder
Mood Disorder, characterized by extremely depressed moods or a lack of interest in normally pleasurable activities, that persists for 2 weeks or more.
Bipolar II Disorder
Mood disorder characterized by alternating periods of extremely depressed and mildly elevated moods
Bipolar I Disorder
Mood disorder characterized by extremely elevated moods during manic episodes
Persistent Depressive Disorder
Mood disorder, characterized by mildly or moderately depressed moods, that persists for at least 2 years.
Diathesis-stress model
Proposes that a disorder may develop when an underlying vulnerability is coupled with a precipitating event
Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)
The occurrence of two or more distinct indentities in the same individual