Psychology LSD Chapter 10

Why do females have higher rates of depression than do males?

Females have more negative self-images than do males.

Elizabeth has very positive relationships with her peers. She identifies strongly with them, is well liked, and confides closely in her best friends. Research shows that adolescents like Elizabeth tend to have:

close and secure relationships with their parents as wellI.

According to James Marcia, the term _____refers to the part of identity development in which adolescents show a personal investment in their own identity.

commitment

The difference between a clique and a crowd is:

the size of the group.

Where are rites of passage most numerous?

Africa

Which of the following statements does the new model of parent-adolescent relationships emphasize?

Parents serve as important attachment figures and support systems during adolescence.

Why do males have higher rates of suicide than females?

They use more lethal means than do females.

According to Erik Erikson, the adolescent identity crisis is:

a natural and healthy part of development.

Adolescents who have no close friendships tend to:

develop loneliness and reduced self-worth.

Investigators have found that conformity to peer standards peaks around which grade level?

eighth to ninth grade

What is "co-rumination"?

excessive discussion of problems with friends

In most cultures, the rite of passage is designed to:

help adolescents transition into an adult status.

Fifteen-year-old Carlos feels sad and disappointed that he was dumped by his girlfriend. Who is he likely to turn to for reassurance?

his best friend

Ramon's parents have decided that he will enroll in the state college near their hometown. Ramon has not really thought about the issue much himself, and he will probably do what they advise. According to the psychologist James Marcia, accepting his parents'advice will put Ramon into:

identity foreclosure.

Martha's daughter has come to her for advice about what to do with her future. Her mother explains that any decisions made now are not permanent and that her daughter will continue to reevaluate her decisions for the rest of her life. Her daughter is relieved to hear that she does not need to decide "everything" now, but she is not comfortable knowing that these important decisions will continue to come up in the future. Martha is trying to help her daughter understand that true identity development:

is a process that extends beyond our adolescent years.

Identity____is James Marcia's term for the status of adolescents who are in the midst of a crisis, and whose commitment levels are either absent or only vaguely defined.

moratorium

A key way in which the old and new models of parent-adolescent relationships differ is that the:

new model suggests that a close relationship exists between adolescents and their parents.

Conflict between parents and their adolescent children most often occurs:

over minor, day-to-day issues.

How early should intervention occur to prevent juvenile delinquency?

preschool

Conflicts arise between parents and adolescents because adolescents:

want autonomy, whereas parents want control.