Psychology Module 4 Quiz Questions

According to Freud, during which period are sexual feelings dormant as children focus on other pursuits, such as school, friendships, hobbies, and sports? A. latency B. anal C. phallic D. oral

A

According to Sigmund Freud, an adult who smokes, drinks, overeats, or bites her nails is fixated in the ________ stage of her psychosexual development. A. oral B. anal C. phallic D. genital

A

After age 65, most people are attempting to asses their lives and make sense of life and the meaning of their contributions. According to Ericsson's psychosocial theory, what is the primary developmental task of this stage? A. integrity vs. despair B. identity vs. role confusion C. generativity vs. stagnation D. inititative vs. guilt

A

Changing your behavior to go along with a group, even when you do not necessarily agree with the group is known as ________. A. conformity B. compliance C. obedience D. group polarization

A

If a person takes a personality inventory based on the Big Five Model and scores low on conscientiousness, this means they are A. careless, disorganized, and impulsive B. practical and conventional C. critical, uncooperative, and suspicious D. quiet, reserved, and withdrawn

A

If we assume that someone's behavior is due to their personality instead of the situation, we are experiencing _________. A. the fundamental attribution error B. the just-world hypothesis C. social norm bias D. self-serving bias

A

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator... A. is very popular despite not being well respected by most personality psychologists B. is not very popular because it is not well respected by most personality psychologists C. is very popular and is well respected by most personality psychologists D. is not popular, despite being well respected by most personality psychologists

A

The person-situation debate in personality psychology involved a debate about A. whether personality traits are actually consistent in different situations B. whether there are 5 or 16 basic personality traits C. whether psychodynamic or trait theorist were correct in their views of personality D. whether personality is genetic or is caused by our environment

A

What does nurture refer to in the nature vs. nurture debate? A. environment and culture B. biology C. genetics D. sexual preference

A

What does the normative approach ask regarding the lifespan? A. What does typical development look like? B. Why do some people develop differently than others? C. What do people think about development? D. What is biological about development?

A

What is the just-world hypothesis? A. a common belief in the United States that people get the outcomes they deserve B. a common belief in the United States that good people will be rewarded in the afterlife C. a common belief in the United States that the rich are bad people who will eventually be punished D. a common belief in the United States that people are innocent until proven otherwise

A

What is the main idea of drive theory? A. When our bodies are not experiencing homeostasis, we experience psychological needs. This creates psychological states in which we are motivated to do what is necessary to regain homeostasis B. we are driven to perform better when our state of arousal is neither too high or too low C. people are driven to satisfy their most basic biological needs before they are motivated to try and satisfy higher level needs like esteem or achievement D. intrinsic motivation is sometimes decreased when we receive rewards for performing a behavior we already enjoy

A

What is the main point of the Stanford prison experiment? A. social roles are powerful determinants of human behavior B. when people are put into positions of authority they will abuse those they oversee C. people are more likely to make internal attributions than external attributions for other people's actions D. personality traits determine how people will act in a given situation

A

Which of the following is TRUE with regards sexual orientation? A. research evidence suggests that there is likely an underlying biological component involved in many people's sexual orientation B. sexual orientation differences are caused by differences in socialization and family background C. in the scientific community, sexual orientation is also sometimes called gender identity D. sexual orientation can be changed successfully through therapy

A

_________ is a long-standing emotional tie we have to important people in our lives. A. an attachment B. a selective bond C. a secure bas D. an empathetic bond

A

A _________ is any outside agent that can cause damage to a developing embryo or fetus. A. blastocyst B. teratogen C. mutagen D. critical agent

B

According to the _______ theory of emotion, a person first experiences physiological arousal and then, because different feelings are associated with different types/patterns of arousal, they experience an emotion. A. Schachter-Singer two factory theory B. James-Lange C. cognitive-mediational theory D. Cannon-Bard

B

During the ______ stage of the sexual response cycle, men experience full erection and pre-ejatulatory fluid typically gathers at the tip of the penis. A. orgasm B. plateau C. excitement D. resolution

B

If you deal with your unwanted, unpleasant feelings by transferring them onto a less threatening target, you are using the defense mechanism of _________. A. regression B. displacement C. projection D. reaction formation

B

In order to be considered a good measure of personality, an inventory needs to be reliable. In the case of the Myers-Briggs Personality Inventory... A. it is not considered reliable because there is no evidence that it is able to predict things like job performance, team effectiveness, or how people will behave in different situations B. it is not considered reliable because if you take the inventory once and then take it again 5 weeks later, there is a 50% chance you will fall into a different personality category C. it is considered reliable because it categorizes people as either having one trait or having the opposite - with no room for people to be in the middle D. it is not considered reliable because it does not assess some of the traits that personality researchers find essential to understanding personality, like emotional stability

B

People who see development as continuous view development as ___________. A. a biological imperative B. a gradual process of cumulative quantitative changes C. a sudden and abrupt process of qualitative change D. a universal process in which everyone develops in the same way

B

The ________ Inkblot Test employs a series of symmetrical inkblot cards that are presented to a client by a psychologist in an effort to reveal the person's unconscious desire, fears, and struggles. A. Freudian B. Rorschach C. Thematic D. Rotter

B

The concept conservation refers to _______. A. thinking logically about real (concrete) events B. knowing that even if you change the appearance of something, it is still equal in size as long as nothing has been removed or added C. knowing that symbols represents words, images, and ideas D. understanding that objects can be changed and then returned to their original form

B

Which statement about Sternberg's triangular theory of love is most accurate? A. there are three components of love: romance, fatuous, and infatuation B. there are three components of love: intimacy, passion, and commitment C. there are three types of love that can be described from the three components of love D. there are five types of love that can be describes from the three components of love

B

__________ is the act of blaming an out-group when your group is blocked from reaching a goal or experiences other types of frustration. A. discrimination B. scapegoating C. a self-fulfilling prophecy D. in-group bias

B

A polygraph works by _______. A. measuring brain wave patterns as a person answers a series of questions B. measuring changes in hormone levels as a person answers a series of questions C. measuring the physiological arousal displayed when a person answers a series of questions D. measuring body language as a person answers a series of questions

C

A(n) __________ is a subjective state of being that we often describe as our feelings. A(n) __________ refers to a prolonged, less intense, affective state that does not occur in response to something we experience. A. mood; emotion B. intrinsic motivation; extrinsic motivation C. emotion; mood D. extrinsic motivation; intrinsic motivation

C

According to the _______ theory of emotion, because the physiological arousal is similar for different emotions, we rely on the context of a situation to determine what emotion we are feeling and label it. A. James-Lange B. Cannon-Bard C. Schachter-Singer two factor theory D. facial feedback hypothesis

C

If you suggest that smiling can make someone feel happier, they you believe the ________. A. James-Lange theory of emotion B. two-factor theory of emotion C. facial feedback hypothesis D. cognitive meditational theory

C

Maslow believe that people would have to satisfy needs that are lower in his hierarchy, such as __________, before being driven to satisfy higher needs such as _________. A. self-actualization; security B. security; physiological C. security; esteem D. social; physiological

C

Most students in our class, who are typically between the ages of 18 and 21, would fall in the _______ category of development, a newly defined period of the lifespan that many developmental psychologists in the US are interested in studying today. A. late adolescence B. late childhood C. emerging childhood D. adulthood

C

Personality theorists are more likely to believe in _______ (that behavior is determined by internal factors), while social psychologists are more likely to believe in ________. A. intrapersonalism; interpersonalism B. situationism; dispositionism C. dispostionism; situationism D. interpersonalism; intrapersonalism

C

The Implicit Association Test (IAT) measures A. how often people engage in discrimination against different groups B. how prejudice people are against different groups C. attitudes and beliefs people have about specific groups that they may be unwilling or unable to report

C

The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) is a projective test _________. A. that is similar to a word association test in which participants finish short sentences B. that is designed to be culturally relevant to a wide variety of races and ethnicities C. in which people are presented with ambiguous images and asked to make up stories about them D. that employs a series of symmetrical inkblot cards and asks people to describe what they see on the cards

C

The defense mechanism that involved trying to reduce your anxiety or discomfort by adopting belief that are actually the opposite of how you really feel is called ________. A. displacement B. projection C. reaction formation D. rationalization

C

We are displaying the ______ when we make attributions that enable us to see ourselves in favorable light. A. fundamental attribution error B. egocentric bias C. self-serving bias D. actor-observer bias

C

Which of the following is something an advocate for arousal theory might observe? A. we become accustomed to boredom and learn to enjoy it B. we become accustomed to excitement and learn to enjoy it C. when we are bored we look for excitement; when we are overexcited we wish for more peace D. when we are hungry we eat to help bring our body back to homeostasis

C

Which of the following is the time immediately following an orgasm during which an individual is incapable of experiencing another orgasm? A. plateau B. retroactive period C. refractory period D. resolution

C

Which type of persuasion involved encouraging a person to agree to a small favor or to buy a small item, only to later request a larger favor or purchase of a larger item? A. central route of persuasion B. peripheral route of persuasion C. foot-in-the-door D. door-in-the-face

C

Which type of persuasion involves making associations between the message or product and positive characteristics like attractiveness, positive emotions, or celebrity? A. foot-in-the-door B. central route C. peripheral route D. Yale attitude change approach

C

Which type of social influence involves conformity to a group norm prompted an ambiguous situation and the belief that the group is competent and knows more about what is going on than you do? A. cognitive B. normative C. informational D. rational

C

_________ is an overgeneralized belief that all members of a group have the same characteristics A. discrimination B. prejudice C. a stereotype D. a self-fulfilling prophecy

C

_________ motivation arises from external factors or rewards. A. intrinsic B. drive C. extrinsic D. instinctual

C

A child participating in the "Strange Situation" study who does not use their parent as a "secure" base", does not care when their parent leaves, and does not show a positive reaction when their parent returns most likely has a ________ attachment to their parent. A. resistant B. disorganized C. secure D. avoidant

D

A parent who shows a high degree of control, expecting strict obedience from their child, while showing a low amount of warmth has a _______ parenting style. A. uninvolved B. permissive C. authoritative D. authoritarian

D

According to Freud, the part of the mind that contains our most primitive biological drives and desires is the _________. A. ego B. phallic C. superego D. Id

D

According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, children in the _____________ stage, use words and images to represent things, but they lack logical reasoning. They also tend to fail tests of conservation. A. concrete operational B. formal operational C. sensorimotor D. preoperational

D

During the ________ stage of prenatal development, which lasts from weeks 3-8, the developing organism implants in the uterus and the organs begin to form. A. fetal B. germinal C. zygotic D. embryonic

D

One of the proposed reasons for the bystander effect is _______, which is the tendency for no one in a group to help because everyone assumes someone else in the group will help. A. frustration aggression theory B. responsibility theory C. diffusion of blame D. diffusion of responsibility

D

When people discuss their views in a group and everyone in the group has the same opinion, it is common for the opinions of each individual to get even stronger. This is known as _______. A. social loafing B. social facilitation C. groupthink D. group polarization

D

Which of the following is a way that the Kinsey research on sex differed from the Masters and Johnson research? A. the research of Masters and Johnson was considered very controversial and the research of Kinsey was not B. Kinsey recorded measurements of physiological variables; Masters and Johnson collected data with personal interviews C. Kinsey's research was funded and the Masters and Johnson research was not D. Kinsey collected data with personal interviews; Masters and Johnson recorded measurements of physiological variables

D

Which statement summarizes the main idea of reciprocal determinism? A. our unconscious motivations influence our behavior B. our personality is influenced by reinforcement and punishments C. how we cope with anxiety is reflected in our personality D. both our cognitive processes (including expectations, past experiences, and traits) and the situational context influence our behavior

D

Who was Stanley Milgram? A. a social psychology professor at Yale who designed a mock prison to test the power of social roles B. a social psychology professor at Yale who designed an experiment to test what would happen to the lone dissenter in a group C. a social psychology professor at Yale who tested the hypothesis that brainstorming was less productive that the individual creative process D. a social psychology professor at Yale who wanted to test the defense of "I was just following orders" typically used by accused Nazis

D

______ is often referred to as the "building blocks of personality" because it is our innate traits that influence how we think, behavior, and react to the environment from the moment we are born. A. reflexes B. self-concept C. attachment D. temperament

D

_________ stereotypes are stereotypes people hold that are outside of their conscious awareness and control but can still influence their behavior. A. external B. internal C. explicit D. implicit

D