Psychology: Module 40

The U.S. National Institute of Mental Health estimates that just over _____ adult Americans suffer from a diagnosable mental disorder in a given year.

1 in 4

The percentage of Americans who reported suffering from obsessive-compulsive disorder in 2008 was:

1.0.

The symptoms of alcohol use disorder begin to appear at a median age near:

20.

The American Psychiatric Association's DSM-5 was released in:

2013.

In the United States, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder plagues some 11 percent of children between the ages of __________ and 17.

4

In the United States, _______ of people report suffering from social anxiety disorder.

6.8 percent

Brian often interrupts his teacher while she is speaking and frequently forgets to complete his homework assignments. He also has difficulty taking turns in playground games with classmates. Brian MOST clearly exhibits symptoms of:

ADHD

NIMH reported in 2008 that approximately 4.1 percent of people were diagnosed with _____ in the past year.

ADHD

Sean has trouble paying attention in class. He rarely completes any assignments because he cannot sit still long enough to complete the work. Even during exams his mind wanders and he cannot seem to focus. Sean most clearly exhibits symptoms of:

ADHD

______________ is characterized by one or more of three key symptoms, including extreme inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.

ADHD

The most common scheme for classifying psychological disorders is the:

DSM-5.

________ is the study of environmental influences on gene expression that occur without a change in DNA.

Epigenetics

Lynette is released after a 4-week stay at a psychiatric hospital. She needs to find an apartment near her job because she can't afford a car. When she talks to potential landlords, what may happen if she mentions her recent hospital stay?

Many people react negatively to those labeled "mentally ill."

_____ conducted a study examining the biasing power of diagnostic labels.

Rosenhan

Which of the following statements about people with psychological disorders is TRUE?

Studies have found that those with psychological disorders are more likely to be victims of crime than perpetrators.

Which of the following is TRUE about ADHD?

The majority of those with ADHD are boys.

An integrated understanding of psychological disorders in terms of stressful memories, evolutionary processes, and gender roles would be most clearly provided by:

a biopsychosocial approach.

Four people are seen in a psychiatric clinic for treatment of a newly acquired mental illness. Their respective diagnoses are obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), bipolar disorder, phobia, and schizophrenia. The youngest person seeking treatment is likely to suffer from:

a phobia

Symptoms of which disorder tend to occur at the earliest age?

antisocial personality disorder

Which of the following disorders is NOT noted to arise around 20 years of age? q

antisocial personality disorder

After study participants were told that a videotaped interviewee was a psychiatric patient, they characterized the person with phrases such as "passive, dependent type" or "frightened of his own aggressive impulses." This study BEST illustrates the:

biasing power of diagnostic labels.

The approach to understanding and classifying psychological disorders that is MOST likely to minimize stigma for the afflicted is the:

biopsychosocial approach.

Regardless of race or ethnicity, moving above the poverty line improves children's outcomes by:

decreasing deviant and aggressive behavior.

The symptoms of major _____ begin to appear at a median age of 25.

depressive disorder

Finn has been diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Which of the following problems might he be exhibiting?

distractibility, hyperactivity, and impulsivity

All of the following are no longer diagnostic labels in DSM-5 EXCEPT:

hoarding disorder.

In psychiatry and psychology, diagnostic classification aims to do all of the following EXCEPT:

identify those who are deemed treatable.

Hugh is an openly gay teacher. According to the American Psychiatric Association (APA), Hugh's homosexuality is NOT a(n) _____.

illness

According to the textbook, the DSM-5 has been criticized for:

including some conditions that are too "normal" to be considered disorders, such as extreme sadness related to bereavement.

What information would help a researcher determine if a psychological disorder were genetic in origin?

it is observed in all cultures.

Nicole refuses to leave her house because she is fearful of being exposed to germs. Nicole's behavior is considered _____ because it interferes with normal day-to-day life.

maladaptive

Homosexuality was removed from the DSM system for classifying psychological disorders in 1973 as a psychological disorder because:

mental health workers came to the view that same-sex attraction was not inherently dysfunctional or distressing.

Which of the following disorders does NOT generally begin around age 20?

phobias

Gregory is an impoverished African-American teen who finds school stressful but performs at a moderate level academically. He has no relationship with his father but has a close relationship with his mother and grandmother. Which of these factors MOST increases his vulnerability to developing a mental disorder?

poverty

Which of the following is one of the main predictors of mental disorders?

poverty

Dr. Cobbs believes that psychological disorders are influenced by genetic predispositions and physiological states. He is also aware that inner psychological dynamics, social dynamics, and culture influence psychological disorders. Dr. Cobbs believes in:

the biopsychosocial approach.

At one time, disordered people were simply warehoused in asylums. Asylums have been replaced with psychiatric hospitals, where attempts are made to diagnose and cure people suffering from psychological disorders. This change reflects one of the beneficial consequences of:

the medical model.