Psychology of Adjustment Final Exam
Which of the following correlation coefficients indicates the strongest relationship between two variables?
-0.97
In Milgram's study, approximately what percentage of participants administered up to the highest stick level
2/3
As ice cream consumption increases. Period. So does the incidence of drowning. This relationship is an example of
A positive correlation
Research on physical activity and stress suggests that ______________ yields the most positive effects
Aerobic exercise
Gender-role socialization occurs through
All of these
Which of the following sure you look for and self-help books?
All of these
Which component of Type A behavior seems to be most responsible for the increased rate of heart attack?
Anger and hostility
Suppose you read a newspaper article about the link between depression and heart disease. Knowing the research presented in this chapter, the relationship can be explained by which of the following?
Any of these explanations is possible
Which of the following is NOT considered an essential element of reducing intergroup hostility through cooperative interdependence?
Assigning specific titles or names to each group
Hazan and Shaver found that, like infants in their attachment relationships, adults fall into the following three categories in their love relationships:
Avoidant, anxious-avoidant, secure
Most experimental studies do not support the catharsis hypothesis and instead find that ______________
Behaving aggressively leads to more aggression
Suppose that you see a student who always runs up in front of women in order to open up the heavy steel doors for them. He remarks "those doors are so heavy that I would never want a women to hurt herself trying to open one!" This is an example of
Benevolent sexism
People generally believe that they are better than their peers at many tasks. What is this called?
Better than average effect
Is change general stressful
Both negative changes (loss of a spouse) and positive changes (getting married) are stressful.
________ involves disturbed body image and dangerous efforts to lose weight, but weight usually remains stable
Bulimia nervosa
Often cited as an issue in the workplace, a person may become physically and emotionally exhausted, cynical, and have low self-efficacy. This state is called:
Burnout
Your book discussed how all of the following personal factors promote stress tolerance EXCEPT
Burnout
Rather than necessarily prompting the onset, stress is usually related to the course of this disease
Cancer
Smoking rates are highest in what country?
China
Living together in a sexually intimate relationship without actually being married is called
Cohabitation
Which of the following statements regarding cohabitation is TRUE?
Cohabitation before marriage is associated with higher divorce rates overall
________ occurs when people yield to social pressure in their public behavior, even though their private beliefs have not changed
Compliance
Which of the following statements about sex education programs in schools is MOST accurate, according to research presented in your text book?
Comprehensive programs reduce high-risk sexual behavior.
Which of the filling is not one of the stages of date rape?
Confusion
A relationship that has all three components of Sternberg's Triangular Theory of Love is called
Consummate love
Psychological stress can lead to neurological symptoms such as paralysis blindness or even seizures. What is this called?
Conversion disorder
Which of the following is NOT true of cohabitation before marriage?
Couples who cohabitate before marriage are more likely to break up during the first year of marriage than couples who did not cohabitant before marriage
The paradox of progress is the notion that
Despite unparalleled advances in technology, we seem to have more social and personal difficulties.
Which of the following disorders features the coexistence in one person of two or more largely complete, and usually very different, identities or personalities?
Dissociative identity disorder
Defense mechanisms work primarily through
Distorting reality so it does not seem so unpleasant and threatening
Which strategy would be least effective if I was trying to break a bad habit?
Distract myself from the behavior
In general, women's friendships are more likely to focus on _________ whereas men's friendships tend to be based on ________.
Emotional intimacy; Shared interests
Which of the following is NOT considered a key element of the traditional male role?
Emotional sensitivity with women
Produced by ovaries are _________ -the principal class of female sex hormones; produces by the testes are ______- the principal class of male sex hormones.
Estrogen; androgen
secondary appraisal involves
Evaluating your coping resources in options for dealing with stress
A psychological researcher is best able to draw conclusions about cause-and-effect relationships by using which of the following research methods?
Experiment
According to your text, the two main types of research method in psychology are blank research methods and blank research methods
Experimental, correlational
Which stage of the family life cycle is associated with increased conflict and lower marital satisfaction
Family with adolescent children
The tendency to explain others' behaviors as a function of dispositional, rather than situational factors
Fundamental attribution error
On some days, Pat wakes up as a man. Other days, Pat feels like a woman, other days neither. Pat demonstrates ________
Gender fluidity
You need to study for an exam. According to research, which of the following is the most effective and efficient study?
Give yourself a quiz
According to the results of the Asch study, _________ and ________ are the primary determinants of conformity
Group size; group unanimity
People with low self esteem
Have an unclear view of the self
All of the following increase the likelihood of obedience except
Having full personal responsibility for your actions
Which of the following is associated with a higher probability of marital success?
Having happily married parents
The leading cause of death in North America is
Heart disease
Which of the following is true of self esteem
High self-esteem is more common in individualistic cultures
Some people care very much of what others think of them and are careful to act in ways to make the best possible impression. How would we characterize these people?
High self-monitoring
Divorce rates for second marriages are
Higher than those of first marriages
The tendency to marry someone who has personal characteristics similar to one's own is called
Homogamy
A male staff member consistently makes disparaging comments about the physical appearance of female employees. This is an example of
Hostile sexism
When should you use the peripheral route to persuasion
If the audience doesn't have the motivation or ability to understand a complicated argument
Which of the following is NOT a criterion for abnormal behavior?
Inconsistent behavior
In cultures characterized by _________ people typically put personal goals ahead of group goals and define their identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group membership
Individualism
Which drug was accidentally developed in a laboratory, later used in psychotherapy, and formed the basis of the religion founded by Harvard psychologist Dr. Timothy Leary?
LSD
People who give up because they feel like they have no control (nothing they can do can affect her outcomes) are exhibiting
Learned helplessness
The traditional female role consists of three major mandates: the ________ mandate, the ________ mandate, and to work outside the home.
Marriage; motherhood
People of which gender experience the most emotion?
Men
Which test is commonly used to determine whether animals have a self-concept?
Mirror test
According to the research discussed in your book, which of the following is not very important in determining one's happiness?
None of these are very important.
As a consequence of categorization, we tend to view outgrip members as more alike than they really are. What is this called?
Outgroup homogeneity effect
Who are an adolescents primary source of information regarding sex?
Peers
Which of the following has caused much of the increase in the proportion of single adults?
People marrying at a later age
Which of the following is NOT one of the love languages?
Personal sacrifice
People who attribute their setbacks to internal, stable, and global factors are exhibiting a(n) _______ explanatory style
Pessimistic
The matching hypothesis suggests that people of similar _______ gravitate toward each other
Physical attractiveness
It appears that boys engage in more _____ aggression and girls engage in more _____ aggression
Physical; relational
The current USDA food guidelines take the shape of which quite appropriate object
Plate
General adaptation syndrome, a model of the body's nonspecific response to stress, includes all of the following phases except:
Plateau
Hallucinations and delusions are classified as _______ of schizophrenia
Positive symptoms
What kind of stressor is associated with scoring the final goal to win the game?
Pressure to perform
Ramon recently lost his job. He has been searching online for job openings and has an appointment with the placement agency. Which type of constructive coping tactic is Ramon using?
Problem focused
According to your book, which of the following is a consequence of stress?
Psycho somatic disease
If a supervisor tells a subordinate that he can keep his job only if he submits to sexual requests, this is considered:
Quid pro quo harassment
All of the following are true of defensive attributions except
Rational/ logical attribution
Which of the following is true of gay marriage in the US?
Regardless of political or religious affiliation, all groups are becoming increasingly in favor of gay marriage.
Which of the following is very important overall overall happiness
Relationship satisfaction
All of the following your maladaptive coping strategies except
Releasing pent-up emotions through journaling
According to evolutionary psychologists, men seeking a prospective mate are likely to display the most interest in characteristics that denote a woman's
Reproductive capacity
Which of the following groups of psychological disorders is characterized by irrational thinking, poor reality contact, disturbed emotion, and hallucinations
Schizophrenic Disorders
What is the difference between self regulation and self control
Self regulation is the process in anticipating self control challenges and proactivity avoiding them, while self control is the active inhibition process when the challenge arises
The tendency to sabotage your own performance to provide an excuse for possible failure is called:
Self- handicapping
Which of the following is NOT a type of constructive coping described in your text?
Self-focused
The process whereby expectations about a person cause the person to behave in ways that confirm the expectations is called
Self-fulfilling prophecy
"Retail Therapy" is what kind of maladaptive coping strategy?
Self-indulgence
Which of the following is NOT an essential component of emotional intelligence?
Separating emotion from thought
What is the most preventable cause of death in the US?
Smoking
Males clearly outperform females in which type of ability?
Spatial
Suppose your professor reports that across all of her classes over the past 10 years, she found a -.63 correlation between numbers of absences and final exam scores, this statistic means that
Students who were absent more frequently tended to score lower on the final exam than those who were less absent less frequently
With the self-presentation strategy of _______, people try to present themselves as weak and dependent in order to get favors from others
Supplication
Research comparing the relationships of same sex-couples relative to heterosexual couples suggests
The dynamics of their close relationships are not significantly different
An orderly sequence of stages through which families progress is called
The family life cycle
When people need to consume larger and larger doses of a drug to obtain the desired effect, they have developed ___________ on/for the drug.
Tolerance
Which type of self esteem is generally measured in studies?
Trait self-esteem
Which of the following is NOT a source of self-efficacy?
Upward social comparison
Organizing your to-do list into an Eisenhower box is a great way to prioritize. What are the axes that define the Eisenhower box?
Urgent and Important
Although controversial, virtual PTSD may be experienced by people who
View extended and intense coverage of a traumatic event through the media.
Are men or women more likely to commit suicide?
Women are more likely to attempt suicide, but men are more likely to complete suicide
Which of the following best summarizes universal attractiveness standards?
Women with neonate qualities and mature features consistently gain high ratings of attractiveness
Women in abusive relationships fear
all of the above
Monique is in the first family life cycle stage. She is
an unattached young adult, between families.
A pattern in which one scores high on measures of both masculinity and femininity is called
androgyny
Patients with Munchausen's syndrome
are trying to adopt the sick role
Generally, which kind of internal conflict tends to be the most stressful?
avoidance-avoidance conflict
Cramming before a test will most likely
be less effective than distributed practice
A person who is predominantly (but not exclusively) attracted to one sex is:
bisexual
Albert Ellis believed that problematic emotional reactions to stress are caused by:
catastrophic thinking
Widely shared beliefs about males' and females' abilities, personalities, and social behaviors are called:
gender stereotypes
All of the following are potential disadvantages of dating apps EXCEPT:
harder to self-disclose
Endogamy refers to the tendency
of people to marry within their social group
If you choose to look on the bright side of a bad situation, you're using which constructive coping strategy?
positive reinterpretation
Many people experience great loss after a natural disaster. This stress may lead some to mental health issues, but others feel that they learn from the experience and actually become an even better person. This latter phenomenon is called:
posttraumatic growth
If you want to lose weight and keep it off for the long term, which is the most important lifestyle factor work on?
sedentary behavior
Helena often used humor to point out her faults and shortcomings. It is most likely that her use of humor
will increase her depression
According to the ego depletion model, if you use self-control resources to resist temptation now, ....
you may have a hard time resisting the next temptation