Psychology of Adjustment Final Exam

Which of the following correlation coefficients indicates the strongest relationship between two variables?

-0.97

In Milgram's study, approximately what percentage of participants administered up to the highest stick level

2/3

As ice cream consumption increases. Period. So does the incidence of drowning. This relationship is an example of

A positive correlation

Research on physical activity and stress suggests that ______________ yields the most positive effects

Aerobic exercise

Gender-role socialization occurs through

All of these

Which of the following sure you look for and self-help books?

All of these

Which component of Type A behavior seems to be most responsible for the increased rate of heart attack?

Anger and hostility

Suppose you read a newspaper article about the link between depression and heart disease. Knowing the research presented in this chapter, the relationship can be explained by which of the following?

Any of these explanations is possible

Which of the following is NOT considered an essential element of reducing intergroup hostility through cooperative interdependence?

Assigning specific titles or names to each group

Hazan and Shaver found that, like infants in their attachment relationships, adults fall into the following three categories in their love relationships:

Avoidant, anxious-avoidant, secure

Most experimental studies do not support the catharsis hypothesis and instead find that ______________

Behaving aggressively leads to more aggression

Suppose that you see a student who always runs up in front of women in order to open up the heavy steel doors for them. He remarks "those doors are so heavy that I would never want a women to hurt herself trying to open one!" This is an example of

Benevolent sexism

People generally believe that they are better than their peers at many tasks. What is this called?

Better than average effect

Is change general stressful

Both negative changes (loss of a spouse) and positive changes (getting married) are stressful.

________ involves disturbed body image and dangerous efforts to lose weight, but weight usually remains stable

Bulimia nervosa

Often cited as an issue in the workplace, a person may become physically and emotionally exhausted, cynical, and have low self-efficacy. This state is called:

Burnout

Your book discussed how all of the following personal factors promote stress tolerance EXCEPT

Burnout

Rather than necessarily prompting the onset, stress is usually related to the course of this disease

Cancer

Smoking rates are highest in what country?

China

Living together in a sexually intimate relationship without actually being married is called

Cohabitation

Which of the following statements regarding cohabitation is TRUE?

Cohabitation before marriage is associated with higher divorce rates overall

________ occurs when people yield to social pressure in their public behavior, even though their private beliefs have not changed

Compliance

Which of the following statements about sex education programs in schools is MOST accurate, according to research presented in your text book?

Comprehensive programs reduce high-risk sexual behavior.

Which of the filling is not one of the stages of date rape?

Confusion

A relationship that has all three components of Sternberg's Triangular Theory of Love is called

Consummate love

Psychological stress can lead to neurological symptoms such as paralysis blindness or even seizures. What is this called?

Conversion disorder

Which of the following is NOT true of cohabitation before marriage?

Couples who cohabitate before marriage are more likely to break up during the first year of marriage than couples who did not cohabitant before marriage

The paradox of progress is the notion that

Despite unparalleled advances in technology, we seem to have more social and personal difficulties.

Which of the following disorders features the coexistence in one person of two or more largely complete, and usually very different, identities or personalities?

Dissociative identity disorder

Defense mechanisms work primarily through

Distorting reality so it does not seem so unpleasant and threatening

Which strategy would be least effective if I was trying to break a bad habit?

Distract myself from the behavior

In general, women's friendships are more likely to focus on _________ whereas men's friendships tend to be based on ________.

Emotional intimacy; Shared interests

Which of the following is NOT considered a key element of the traditional male role?

Emotional sensitivity with women

Produced by ovaries are _________ -the principal class of female sex hormones; produces by the testes are ______- the principal class of male sex hormones.

Estrogen; androgen

secondary appraisal involves

Evaluating your coping resources in options for dealing with stress

A psychological researcher is best able to draw conclusions about cause-and-effect relationships by using which of the following research methods?

Experiment

According to your text, the two main types of research method in psychology are blank research methods and blank research methods

Experimental, correlational

Which stage of the family life cycle is associated with increased conflict and lower marital satisfaction

Family with adolescent children

The tendency to explain others' behaviors as a function of dispositional, rather than situational factors

Fundamental attribution error

On some days, Pat wakes up as a man. Other days, Pat feels like a woman, other days neither. Pat demonstrates ________

Gender fluidity

You need to study for an exam. According to research, which of the following is the most effective and efficient study?

Give yourself a quiz

According to the results of the Asch study, _________ and ________ are the primary determinants of conformity

Group size; group unanimity

People with low self esteem

Have an unclear view of the self

All of the following increase the likelihood of obedience except

Having full personal responsibility for your actions

Which of the following is associated with a higher probability of marital success?

Having happily married parents

The leading cause of death in North America is

Heart disease

Which of the following is true of self esteem

High self-esteem is more common in individualistic cultures

Some people care very much of what others think of them and are careful to act in ways to make the best possible impression. How would we characterize these people?

High self-monitoring

Divorce rates for second marriages are

Higher than those of first marriages

The tendency to marry someone who has personal characteristics similar to one's own is called

Homogamy

A male staff member consistently makes disparaging comments about the physical appearance of female employees. This is an example of

Hostile sexism

When should you use the peripheral route to persuasion

If the audience doesn't have the motivation or ability to understand a complicated argument

Which of the following is NOT a criterion for abnormal behavior?

Inconsistent behavior

In cultures characterized by _________ people typically put personal goals ahead of group goals and define their identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group membership

Individualism

Which drug was accidentally developed in a laboratory, later used in psychotherapy, and formed the basis of the religion founded by Harvard psychologist Dr. Timothy Leary?

LSD

People who give up because they feel like they have no control (nothing they can do can affect her outcomes) are exhibiting

Learned helplessness

The traditional female role consists of three major mandates: the ________ mandate, the ________ mandate, and to work outside the home.

Marriage; motherhood

People of which gender experience the most emotion?

Men

Which test is commonly used to determine whether animals have a self-concept?

Mirror test

According to the research discussed in your book, which of the following is not very important in determining one's happiness?

None of these are very important.

As a consequence of categorization, we tend to view outgrip members as more alike than they really are. What is this called?

Outgroup homogeneity effect

Who are an adolescents primary source of information regarding sex?

Peers

Which of the following has caused much of the increase in the proportion of single adults?

People marrying at a later age

Which of the following is NOT one of the love languages?

Personal sacrifice

People who attribute their setbacks to internal, stable, and global factors are exhibiting a(n) _______ explanatory style

Pessimistic

The matching hypothesis suggests that people of similar _______ gravitate toward each other

Physical attractiveness

It appears that boys engage in more _____ aggression and girls engage in more _____ aggression

Physical; relational

The current USDA food guidelines take the shape of which quite appropriate object

Plate

General adaptation syndrome, a model of the body's nonspecific response to stress, includes all of the following phases except:

Plateau

Hallucinations and delusions are classified as _______ of schizophrenia

Positive symptoms

What kind of stressor is associated with scoring the final goal to win the game?

Pressure to perform

Ramon recently lost his job. He has been searching online for job openings and has an appointment with the placement agency. Which type of constructive coping tactic is Ramon using?

Problem focused

According to your book, which of the following is a consequence of stress?

Psycho somatic disease

If a supervisor tells a subordinate that he can keep his job only if he submits to sexual requests, this is considered:

Quid pro quo harassment

All of the following are true of defensive attributions except

Rational/ logical attribution

Which of the following is true of gay marriage in the US?

Regardless of political or religious affiliation, all groups are becoming increasingly in favor of gay marriage.

Which of the following is very important overall overall happiness

Relationship satisfaction

All of the following your maladaptive coping strategies except

Releasing pent-up emotions through journaling

According to evolutionary psychologists, men seeking a prospective mate are likely to display the most interest in characteristics that denote a woman's

Reproductive capacity

Which of the following groups of psychological disorders is characterized by irrational thinking, poor reality contact, disturbed emotion, and hallucinations

Schizophrenic Disorders

What is the difference between self regulation and self control

Self regulation is the process in anticipating self control challenges and proactivity avoiding them, while self control is the active inhibition process when the challenge arises

The tendency to sabotage your own performance to provide an excuse for possible failure is called:

Self- handicapping

Which of the following is NOT a type of constructive coping described in your text?

Self-focused

The process whereby expectations about a person cause the person to behave in ways that confirm the expectations is called

Self-fulfilling prophecy

"Retail Therapy" is what kind of maladaptive coping strategy?

Self-indulgence

Which of the following is NOT an essential component of emotional intelligence?

Separating emotion from thought

What is the most preventable cause of death in the US?

Smoking

Males clearly outperform females in which type of ability?

Spatial

Suppose your professor reports that across all of her classes over the past 10 years, she found a -.63 correlation between numbers of absences and final exam scores, this statistic means that

Students who were absent more frequently tended to score lower on the final exam than those who were less absent less frequently

With the self-presentation strategy of _______, people try to present themselves as weak and dependent in order to get favors from others

Supplication

Research comparing the relationships of same sex-couples relative to heterosexual couples suggests

The dynamics of their close relationships are not significantly different

An orderly sequence of stages through which families progress is called

The family life cycle

When people need to consume larger and larger doses of a drug to obtain the desired effect, they have developed ___________ on/for the drug.

Tolerance

Which type of self esteem is generally measured in studies?

Trait self-esteem

Which of the following is NOT a source of self-efficacy?

Upward social comparison

Organizing your to-do list into an Eisenhower box is a great way to prioritize. What are the axes that define the Eisenhower box?

Urgent and Important

Although controversial, virtual PTSD may be experienced by people who

View extended and intense coverage of a traumatic event through the media.

Are men or women more likely to commit suicide?

Women are more likely to attempt suicide, but men are more likely to complete suicide

Which of the following best summarizes universal attractiveness standards?

Women with neonate qualities and mature features consistently gain high ratings of attractiveness

Women in abusive relationships fear

all of the above

Monique is in the first family life cycle stage. She is

an unattached young adult, between families.

A pattern in which one scores high on measures of both masculinity and femininity is called

androgyny

Patients with Munchausen's syndrome

are trying to adopt the sick role

Generally, which kind of internal conflict tends to be the most stressful?

avoidance-avoidance conflict

Cramming before a test will most likely

be less effective than distributed practice

A person who is predominantly (but not exclusively) attracted to one sex is:

bisexual

Albert Ellis believed that problematic emotional reactions to stress are caused by:

catastrophic thinking

Widely shared beliefs about males' and females' abilities, personalities, and social behaviors are called:

gender stereotypes

All of the following are potential disadvantages of dating apps EXCEPT:

harder to self-disclose

Endogamy refers to the tendency

of people to marry within their social group

If you choose to look on the bright side of a bad situation, you're using which constructive coping strategy?

positive reinterpretation

Many people experience great loss after a natural disaster. This stress may lead some to mental health issues, but others feel that they learn from the experience and actually become an even better person. This latter phenomenon is called:

posttraumatic growth

If you want to lose weight and keep it off for the long term, which is the most important lifestyle factor work on?

sedentary behavior

Helena often used humor to point out her faults and shortcomings. It is most likely that her use of humor

will increase her depression

According to the ego depletion model, if you use self-control resources to resist temptation now, ....

you may have a hard time resisting the next temptation