Psychology of Personality Exam #3 (Chapter 13)

Your roommate has recently encountered a major stressor in their life. You are concerned because he or she is actively refusing to think about it, handle it, or even approach it. Your roommate is engaging in

anxious avoidance.

Which coping strategy focuses on how an individual views a problem, its causes, the impact on us, and the anticipated result of our coping behavior?

appraisal focused

Which coping strategies focus on distraction from the stressor, relaxation, and it's emotional meaning?

emotion focused

Bailey, upon facing a significant stressor in her life not only aims to change herself but also aims to change the source of her stress. What type of coping strategy does Bailey use?

approaching

What strategy is characterized as proactive when awareness of the problem is present and strategies have been developed to handle the stressor?

approaching

A type of coping that refers to deliberate attempts at changing self as well as the sources of stress is known as

approaching.

Ashley recently dropped off her daughter at a university two states away. In the past 2 weeks that she has been home she's been overcome with sadness and feelings of loneliness. This stressful experience is often known as

empty-nest syndrome.

Putting off impending tasks to a later time is called

procrastination.

The tendency to delay imminent assignments is known as

procrastination.

Avoidant behavior in which we consciously try to discount or ignore an apparent problem for some time, even though we are aware of it is known as

rational.

Which of the following is NOT an example of latent vulnerability traits?

regular exercise

An individual who expresses thoughts and behaviors focusing on negative experiences, unsuccessful strategies, and distressing psychological symptoms due to their inability to cope with a particular stressor is using

ruminative strategies.

The tendency to dwell over negative emotions and failed strategies is characteristic of

ruminative strategies.

Jackson tends to cope in a unique manner. He makes it a point to research, rehearse, and expect negative events to happen in order to prepare for them. Jackson expresses

sensitization

Consistent behaviors and experiences that aid in the process of coping are characteristic of

stress tolerance.

People are more likely to practice conscientious health habits, including dieting and exercising if they develop all of the following except

stress tolerance.

The reaction to a condition that disturbs an individual's physical or mental balance is known as

stress.

The result of anything that disturbs physical or mental equilibrium is known as

stress.

Challenges that disturb the individual's physical or mental equilibrium are called

stressors.

All of the following are characteristic of hardiness except

stubborn behavior and an unwillingness to change.

Which of the following is NOT an example of a ruminative response?

suppressing feelings of unhappiness

The general belief in positive or successful outcomes is characteristic of pessimism.

False

The outcome of anything that disturbs an individual's mental or physical balance is known as acculturation.

False

_____ can be a single event in one area of life; it also can be a continuous development, involving many areas of an individual's activities.

A stressor

_____ is characterized by significant alterations in behavior and experiences as a reaction to internal and external struggles.

Adjustment

______ disorder is characterized by a cluster of symptoms associated with significant distress that occurs in someone who is unable to cope with major life stressors.

Adjustment

______ is characterized by significant alterations in behavior and experiences as a reaction to internal and external struggles.

Adjustment

A few months after leaving Sweden for the United States, Mike has not adapted well to his new environment and all the cultural differences set before him. He is not coping well with acculturation stressors. Mike is less likely to develop psychopathological symptoms.

False

According to Loenel Tiger, optimism is an evolutionary useful feature, mostly because of its role in coping. It allows us to manage anxiety, overcome procrastination, and counteract fears.

False

As individuals we tend to maintain one particular adjustment style from stressor to stressor.

False

Because alcohol is a depressant it permanently reduces an individual's painful anxiety and physical tension.

False

In passive adjustment training, an individual must concentrate on heaviness in the arms and legs, warmth in the body, respiratory and cardiac regularity, abdominal warmth and comfort, coolness of the forehead, and overall feelings of peace.

False

Men tend to recover more fully and come out emotionally stronger after a breakup than women.

False

Overcoming stigma is NOT a step necessary to help individuals cope with acculturative stress.

False

Substance abuse is considered to be one of the least harmful coping mechanisms.

False

______ is the general belief in positive or successful outcomes.

Optimism

_____ is a stable pattern of behavior and experience that appears helpful in the process of coping with significant stressors.

Stress tolerance

An increased likelihood of developing burnout is characteristic of Type D personality.

True

In the workplace, psychological flexibility is correlated with better mental health and job performance.

True

Individuals who often want others to help them find the best way of coping engage in passive adjustment.

True

Latent vulnerability traits may later develop into stable traits that are harmful in the process of coping.

True

To achieve deep relaxation or concentration, therapists can teach their clients various forms of meditation.

True

Social inhibition and negative affectivity are characteristic of which personality?

Type D

What personality is associated with an increased likelihood of developing burnout?

Type D

Greg often uses alcohol as a coping strategy because it temporarily reduces his painful anxiety and physical tension. Greg experiences these effects because alcohol acts as

a depressant.

Failing to cope with ______ stressors after moving to a new country is likely to lead to the development of psychopathological symptoms.

acculturation

Gerald has just moved to Texas from Peru. He is currently facing a number of stressful cultural adjustments. As he moves forward he will continue to cope with the new social and cultural conditions. This process of coping is known as

acculturation.

When an individual experiences a distressing psychological reaction to a foreign cultural environment they are experiencing

acculturative stress.

Persistent depressed mood, anxiety, irritability, sleep problems, and feelings of helplessness are collectively characteristic of

adjustment disorder.

Alex has just moved away from home to start college across the country. She has had to make several changes in her everyday life as a result of this transition. The changes Alex has made and will continue to make as she begins college life can be referred to as

adjustment.

Relatively significant changes in an individual's behavior and experiences in response to external and internal challenges are known as

adjustment.

Which of the following has a tendency to be present in alcohol and substance abuse according to the chapter?

anxious avoidance

Which physical and emotional relaxation technique is self-administered?

autogenic training

Autogenic training is characterized by what main technique?

autosuggestion

Keeping oneself away from addressing a challenge or stressor is known as

avoiding.

Sarah is 6 months pregnant and has been reading every baby book she can find. She has also been preparing for the baby in the home. Sarah is ______ about understanding the challenges that she will face once her baby is born.

being proactive

A state of a significant exhaustion and disappointment brought about by devotion to an activity that failed to produce the expected result or reward is known as

burnout.

Extreme fatigue, distrust, pessimism, and inefficiency despite effort are manifested in

burnout.

What are the top three stressors in the United States?

problems with money, problems with work, and family responsibilities

Brian is known for his tendency to overestimate the probability of very negative outcomes. His friends always know he will generally foresee the worst possible outcome in any scenario. Brian engages in consistent

catastrophic thinking.

The tendency to anticipate threats when the probability of such are low is characteristic of

catastrophic thinking.

Which theory suggests that adjustment is determined by the personal ability to adapt and maintain positive illusions?

cognitive adaptation

John's parents just divorced and moved into separate homes. John has been having a difficult time with the stress of the divorce. His mother has noticed that he has been overeating since the divorce was finalized. John's reaction to the stress can be described as

compensatory behavior.

A deliberate and conscious effort to adjust to challenges, changing situations, and new conditions is known as

coping.

Active and conscious intentions to adapt to struggles, changing situations, and novel conditions are known as

coping.

When an individual migrates to a new country, they are faced with having to adapt to the new environment and learn the social norms of the new location. The stress experiences by such an individual in relation to these changes is sometimes called

culture shock.

In a psychological context, which maladaptive coping strategy is characterized by a tendency to disregard fact and maintain that something is untrue?

denial

An individual who is experiencing burnout is likely to exhibit all of the following symptoms except

denial.

An individual who fails to cope with acculturation stressors after immigrating from one country to another is likely to

develop psychopathological symptoms.

Impairments, activity limitations, and participation restrictions commonly associated with serious illnesses are known as

disabilities.

A generally stable belief that positive outcomes will occur is characteristic of

dispositional optimism.

When an individual chooses to direct their attention away from a stressor and focus on unrelated thoughts or behaviors they are using which avoidant coping strategy?

distraction

All of the following are considered to be stressful professional changes except

divorce.

Optimism is associated with ______ behavior, such as finding alternative solutions and experiences.

exploratory

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of a manifestation of adjustment disorder in an individual unable to cope with major life stressors?

feelings of grandiosity

Psychological ______ in the workplace is correlated with better mental health and job performance.

flexibility

Psychologists have shown that human perception tends to be marked by three positive illusions, which are mild and positive distortions of reality. Which of the following are NOT considered positive illusions?

flexibility

All of the following traits have been identified as contributing to stress tolerance except

flexibility.

The extent to which a person can cope in new and unique ways is called

flexibility.

Which of the following is NOT a step necessary to help individuals cope with acculturative stress?

hardiness

An individual's general ability to withstand difficult conditions is called

hardiness.

The general capability to endure difficult conditions is known as

hardiness.

When an individual experiences a crisis that is out of their control, they can become passive because they feel there is nothing they can do to make the situation better. The individual is expressing

learned helplessness.

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of emotion-focused coping strategies?

maintaining focused attention on the stressor

Loenel Tiger argued that optimism is an evolutionary useful feature, mostly because of its role in coping: It allows human beings to do all of the following except

manage procrastination.

Roxie is known by many for her positive outlook on life. Even in stressful situations she tends to look on the bright side and insist that things will soon get better. Roxie is a(n)

optimist.

A pattern of dependency that is rooted in an individual's feeling of helplessness and an inability to deal with a stressor is characteristic of

passive adjustment.

A tendency to depend upon others due to feelings of helplessness and an inability to deal with a stressor is known as

passive adjustment.

An individual who generally believes they will encounter negative outcomes in the future is likely to be characterized as

pessimistic.

Studies have shown that ______ have a tendency to promote healthy behaviors.

positive illusions

Approaching can be ______ when an individual is aware of the problem or anticipates a stressor to emerge and thus has one or more strategies to deal with them.

proactive

Harrison learns he has developed cancer at the age of 54. He immediately studies several available treatment options and chooses one. Unfortunately, this option proves to be ineffective. Harrison immediately seeks alternate treatment options and the guidance of several specialists. Harrison is using which coping strategy?

problem focused

Coping strategies that focus on altering or eliminating the underlying source of a problem are known as

problem-focused coping.

After a breakup who is likely to recover more fully and come out emotionally stronger?

women