Psychology Prologue Questions

Dr. McAllister is studying anger as it relates to violent criminal offenders. He is particularly interested in how environmental circumstances relate to feelings of anger among these offenders, as well as how feelings of anger affect thought processes. He is working from a(n) _______ perspective.

cognitive

Mandi's grandmother has taught Mandi how to cook and sew and has explained to Mandi that these are important skills for women in their country. This illustrates how

culture may influence views related to gender

Dr. Stembridge conducts research on how children's reasoning power changes as they grow older. It is most likely that Dr. Stembridge is a(n) ________ psychologist.

developmental

Critical thinking most clearly involves

evaluating evidence

The unreliability of _______ led to the waning popularity of structuralism.

introspection

The cognitive perspective in psychology focuses on how

people encode, process, store, and retrieve information

Which early psychologist aimed to study the evolved functions of our thoughts and feelings?

William James

Edward Titchener is to structuralism as William James is to

functionalism

Which early school of thought in psychology focused on how the mind functions?

functionalism

Today's psychology is best described as increasingly

globalized in its influence

Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow promoted a historically significant approach known as

humanistic psychology

Dr. Lipka focuses on ways to improve employee job satisfaction and productivity. Dr. Lipka is most likely a(n) _______ psychologist.

industrial-organizational

Early psychologists such as Wilhelm Wundt and William James focused on the study of

mental processes

Which major force in psychology emphasized unconscious thought processes?

Freudian psychology

The scientific study of mental activities associated with perceiving, processing, and remembering information is most central to

cognitive psychology

Beginning in the 1960s, psychological science returned to its earlier interest in mental processes. This movement was inspired by the

cognitive revolution

Dr. Bryson is working to decrease the prevalence of bullying in after-school programs in his city. He is most likely a

community psychologist

The biopsychosocial approach incorporates different levels of analysis, which

complement one another

Reasoning that does not blindly accept available arguments and conclusions illustrates

critical thinking

When you question whether anecdotal evidence can be generalized to all people, you are most clearly demonstrating

critical thinking

Which of the following is a conditioned behavior that can be observed?

crying

Jeremy is interested in how anger facilitated the survival of our ancestor's genes. He is studying anger based on which perspective?

evolutionary

Wilhelm Wundt developed the first _______ used in psychology, which measured how long it took people to press a telegraph key after hearing a ball hit a platform.

experimental apparatus

Psychological differences between the genders are

far outweighed by gender similarities

Which perspective highlights the reproductive advantages of inherited psychological traits?

Evolutionary

The transmission of customs for showing respect to those in positions of authority best illustrates the importance of

Culture

Which early psychologist aimed to discover the mind's structure?

Edward Bradford Titchener

Introspection was the basic research tool used by _______ in order to study people's inner sensations and mental images.

Edward Titchener

Stephanie suffers from severe depression and is undergoing a treatment in which electric shocks are delivered to her brain. What type of therapy is she receiving?

Electroconvulsive Therapy

Which subfield in psychology investigates persistent traits?

Personality Psychology

The personality theorist Sigmund Freud was an Austrian

Physician

Discovering and promoting human strengths and virtues that help individuals and communities to thrive is the major focus of

Positive Psychology

Mark is defining psychology for a classmate who is thinking about taking a course. Which definition of psychology is most accurate?

Psychology is the science of behavior and mental processes.

Which of the following people is most likely to earn a doctorate degree in psychology today?

Samantha, who is from the United States

Who developed psychoanalytic psychology?

Sigmund Freud

Cognitive neuroscience studies relationships between

Thought processes and brain functions

Studies conducted for the sake of building psychology's base of knowledge are most clearly examples of

basic research

Professor James is studying how mice navigate a new maze. His research study is most consistent with the ________ perspective.

behavioral

Efforts to learn whether children's personalities are more heavily influenced by their biology or by their home environment are most directly relevant to the debate regarding

nature and nurture

Plato's assumption that we inherit character traits and intelligence is most directly relevant to the controversy regarding

nature and nurture

Beginning in the 1920s, American psychologists such as John B. Watson emphasized the study of

observable behavior

Research on human flourishing is the major focus of

positive psychology

Dr. Simpson has a medical license and so is licensed to prescribe drugs. She is most likely a

psychiatrist

The specialist most likely to have a medical degree is a

psychiatrist

The birth of psychology is often attributed to Wilhelm Wundt because he pioneered the investigation of mental processes using

scientific methods

Virginia insists that Dr. Chewning's theory regarding violent behavior be checked against observable evidence. She is demonstrating the scientific attitude of

skepticism

Dr. Vescio conducts research on why individuals conform to the behaviors and opinions of others. Which specialty area does his research best represent?

social psychology