Psychology Prologue Questions
Dr. McAllister is studying anger as it relates to violent criminal offenders. He is particularly interested in how environmental circumstances relate to feelings of anger among these offenders, as well as how feelings of anger affect thought processes. He is working from a(n) _______ perspective.
cognitive
Mandi's grandmother has taught Mandi how to cook and sew and has explained to Mandi that these are important skills for women in their country. This illustrates how
culture may influence views related to gender
Dr. Stembridge conducts research on how children's reasoning power changes as they grow older. It is most likely that Dr. Stembridge is a(n) ________ psychologist.
developmental
Critical thinking most clearly involves
evaluating evidence
The unreliability of _______ led to the waning popularity of structuralism.
introspection
The cognitive perspective in psychology focuses on how
people encode, process, store, and retrieve information
Which early psychologist aimed to study the evolved functions of our thoughts and feelings?
William James
Edward Titchener is to structuralism as William James is to
functionalism
Which early school of thought in psychology focused on how the mind functions?
functionalism
Today's psychology is best described as increasingly
globalized in its influence
Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow promoted a historically significant approach known as
humanistic psychology
Dr. Lipka focuses on ways to improve employee job satisfaction and productivity. Dr. Lipka is most likely a(n) _______ psychologist.
industrial-organizational
Early psychologists such as Wilhelm Wundt and William James focused on the study of
mental processes
Which major force in psychology emphasized unconscious thought processes?
Freudian psychology
The scientific study of mental activities associated with perceiving, processing, and remembering information is most central to
cognitive psychology
Beginning in the 1960s, psychological science returned to its earlier interest in mental processes. This movement was inspired by the
cognitive revolution
Dr. Bryson is working to decrease the prevalence of bullying in after-school programs in his city. He is most likely a
community psychologist
The biopsychosocial approach incorporates different levels of analysis, which
complement one another
Reasoning that does not blindly accept available arguments and conclusions illustrates
critical thinking
When you question whether anecdotal evidence can be generalized to all people, you are most clearly demonstrating
critical thinking
Which of the following is a conditioned behavior that can be observed?
crying
Jeremy is interested in how anger facilitated the survival of our ancestor's genes. He is studying anger based on which perspective?
evolutionary
Wilhelm Wundt developed the first _______ used in psychology, which measured how long it took people to press a telegraph key after hearing a ball hit a platform.
experimental apparatus
Psychological differences between the genders are
far outweighed by gender similarities
Which perspective highlights the reproductive advantages of inherited psychological traits?
Evolutionary
The transmission of customs for showing respect to those in positions of authority best illustrates the importance of
Culture
Which early psychologist aimed to discover the mind's structure?
Edward Bradford Titchener
Introspection was the basic research tool used by _______ in order to study people's inner sensations and mental images.
Edward Titchener
Stephanie suffers from severe depression and is undergoing a treatment in which electric shocks are delivered to her brain. What type of therapy is she receiving?
Electroconvulsive Therapy
Which subfield in psychology investigates persistent traits?
Personality Psychology
The personality theorist Sigmund Freud was an Austrian
Physician
Discovering and promoting human strengths and virtues that help individuals and communities to thrive is the major focus of
Positive Psychology
Mark is defining psychology for a classmate who is thinking about taking a course. Which definition of psychology is most accurate?
Psychology is the science of behavior and mental processes.
Which of the following people is most likely to earn a doctorate degree in psychology today?
Samantha, who is from the United States
Who developed psychoanalytic psychology?
Sigmund Freud
Cognitive neuroscience studies relationships between
Thought processes and brain functions
Studies conducted for the sake of building psychology's base of knowledge are most clearly examples of
basic research
Professor James is studying how mice navigate a new maze. His research study is most consistent with the ________ perspective.
behavioral
Efforts to learn whether children's personalities are more heavily influenced by their biology or by their home environment are most directly relevant to the debate regarding
nature and nurture
Plato's assumption that we inherit character traits and intelligence is most directly relevant to the controversy regarding
nature and nurture
Beginning in the 1920s, American psychologists such as John B. Watson emphasized the study of
observable behavior
Research on human flourishing is the major focus of
positive psychology
Dr. Simpson has a medical license and so is licensed to prescribe drugs. She is most likely a
psychiatrist
The specialist most likely to have a medical degree is a
psychiatrist
The birth of psychology is often attributed to Wilhelm Wundt because he pioneered the investigation of mental processes using
scientific methods
Virginia insists that Dr. Chewning's theory regarding violent behavior be checked against observable evidence. She is demonstrating the scientific attitude of
skepticism
Dr. Vescio conducts research on why individuals conform to the behaviors and opinions of others. Which specialty area does his research best represent?
social psychology