Psychology; Quiz 5 some quiz bank questions(Cocklin)
What are formed by groupings of taste receptor cells with hair-like extensions?
taste buds
What theory of pitch perception asserts that frequency is coded by the activity level of a sensory neuron?
temporal
The ____________ of pitch perception asserts that frequency is coded by the activity level of a sensory neuron.
temporal theory
Congenital deafness refers to deafness ________.
since birth
________ is exemplified by stroking the hand of another person.
somatosensation
What is vertigo?
spinning sensation
The _____________ of pitch perception asserts that frequency is coded by the activity level of a sensory neuron.
temporal theory
Wesley is in a movie theater with no windows—the only light is low illumination from the emergency lights on the floor. Which photoreceptors will be most useful to Wesley as he attempts to leave the theater?
rods
What refers to the minimum amount of stimulus energy that must be present for the stimulus to be detected 50% of the time?
Absolute threshold
________ refers to the minimum amount of stimulus energy required to be detected 50% of the time.
Absolute threshold
What plays a significant role in determining what is sensed versus what is perceived?
Attention
Hearing a song on the radio is an example of what sense?
Audition
What does the place theory of pitch perception suggest?
Different portions of the basilar membrane are sensitive to sounds of different frequencies
What is the object or person that is the focus of the visual field, while the ground is the background?
Figure
Which field of psychology includes the following concepts: figure-ground relationship, law of continuity, and principle of closure?
Gestalt
What refers to the way sensory information is organized, interpreted, and consciously experienced?
Perception
___________ is a physical process, whereas perception is psychological.
Sensation
What has research by Goolkasian & Woodbury (2010) demonstrated about pattern perception?
Those who are given verbal priming produce a biased interpretation of complex ambiguous figures.
Sariah enters a room with several chirping crickets in it. Upon first entering the room, Sariah can hear the chirping; however, as she begins to talk to her friends, she is no longer aware of the chirping even though it is still there. The fact that Sariah no longer perceives the chirping sound demonstrates sensory ________.
adaptation
What describes the continuation of a visual sensation after removal of the stimulus?
afterimage
What is the height of a wave and measured from the highest point on the wave (peak or crest) to the lowest point on the wave (trough)?
amplitude
What is the height of the wave?
amplitude
Sarit is at a bar full of music, chatter, and laughter. He gets involved in an interesting conversation with a woman named Mona, and he tunes out all the background noise. Sarit's friend, Karen, taps him on the shoulder and asks what song just played on the jukebox. Sarit says he doesn't know, even though he is sitting right next to the jukebox and is familiar with popular music. This illustrates the role that ________ plays in what is sensed versus what is perceived.
attention
Cues that require two ears are referred to as ________ cues.
binaural
________ depth cues require the use of both eyes.
binocular
________ disparity refers to the slightly different view of the world that each eye receives
binocular
Our tendency to perceive things as complete objects rather than as a series of parts is known as the principle of ________.
closure
What law states that we organize our perceptions into complete objects rather than as a series of parts?
closure
What are electronic devices that consist of a microphone, a speech processor, and an electrode array?
cochlear implants
According to the trichromatic theory of color vision, all colors in the spectrum can be produced by _____________.
combining red, green, and blue
Hearing aids might be effective for treating ________ hearing loss.
conductive
What hearing loss is because of age, genetic predisposition, or environmental effects, including exposure to extreme noise, or damage due to toxins?
conductive
Petra walks into a brightly lit Psychology lab to participate in an experiment involving the ability to perceive the colors of the rainbow. Which photoreceptors will be most useful during this experiment?
cones
________ operate best under bright light conditions.
cones
Some individauls are born without the ability to feel pain. This very rare genetic disorder is known as ____________ or congenital insensitivity to pain.
congenital analgesia
What law suggests that we are more likely to perceive continuous, smooth flowing lines rather than jagged, broken lines?
continuity
Which of the following was demonstrated by the 1998 research of Ayabe-Kanamura, Saito, Distel, Martínez-Gómez, & Hudson? The ability to identify an odor, and rate its pleasantness and its intensity, varies ______________.
cross-culturally
Loudness of a tone is measured in terms of __________, a logarithmic unit of sound intensity.
decibels
Individuals who are deprived of the experience of binocular vision during critical periods of development have trouble perceiving ___________.
depth
Because of what can we describe things as being in front, behind, above, below, or to the side of other things?
depth perception
Binocular ______, the slightly different view of the world that each of our eyes receive.
disparity
The ________ is a small indentation of the retina that contains cones.
fovea
________ serve as sensory receptors for temperature and pain stimuli.
free nerve endings
Hertz is a measure of ________.
frequency
What refers to the number of waves that pass a given point in a given time period and is often expresses in terms of hertz, or cycles per second?
frequency
According to the law of ________, we are more likely to perceive smoothly flowing lines rather than choppy or jagged lines.
good continuation
tasting freshly caught salmon exemplifies which sense?
gustation
Hair cells located near the base of the basilar membrane respond best to ________ sounds.
high-frequency
Failure to notice something that is completely visible because of a lack of attention is called...
inattentional blindness
Pain that signals some type of tissue damage is known as ________________ pain.
inflammatory
What concept is illustrated by the following study? Participants were instructed to focus on either white or black objects, disregarding the other color. When a red cross passed across the screen, about one third of the subjects did not notice it.
intentional blindness
Which part of the eye holds eye color?
iris
Which of the following describes the difference in stimuli required to detect a difference between the stimuli?
just noticeable
What is the perception of the body's movement through space?
kinesthesia
At the point of the optic chiasm, information from the right visual field (which comes from both eyes) is sent to the ________ side of the brain, and information from the left visual field is sent to the ________ side of the brain.
left; right
In a normal-sighted individual, the ________ will focus images perfectly on a small indentation in the back of the eye known as the ________.
lens; fovea
Interaural ________ difference refers to the fact that a sound coming from the right side of your body is more intense at your right ear than at your left ear because of the attenuation of the sound wave as it passes through your head.
level
What refers to the fact that we perceive depth when we two parallel lines that seem to converge in an image?
linear perspective
Our vestibular sense contributes to our ability to ________.
maintain balance and body posture
Taste information is transmitted to the ___________, ______________, and __________ and to the gustatory cortex, which is tucked underneath the overlap between the frontal and temporal lobes.
medulla, thalamus, and limbic system
Derek wants to win the student of the year award so badly that when the name of the award winner is announced, he is convinced that he hears his name. He stands up and begins to leave the aisle when his friend grabs his hand. Someone else won the award. This illustrates how ________can affect perception.
motivation
Pain signals that are sent to the brain get exaggerated. This type of pain is known as _________________ pain.
neuropathic
Tyrahn's rods do not transform light into nerve impulses as easily and efficiently as they should, so he has difficulty seeing in dim light. This is called ________.
night blindness
Felicia smacks her thumb with a hammer while building a doghouse. The sense of ________ provides her brain with information about the pain she feels.
nociception
Which nerve carries visual information from the retina to the brain?
optic
The optic nerve from each eye merges just below the brain at a point called the _____________. This is an X-shaped structure that sits just below the cerebral cortex at the front of the brain. At this point, information from the right visual field is sent to the left side of the brain, and information from the left visual field is sent to the right side of the brain.
optic chiasm
What is the ability to discriminate among different figures and shapes, occurs by following the principles described above?
pattern perception
________ occurs when sensory information is organized, interpreted, and consciously experienced.
perception
________ refers to the way that sensory information is interpreted and consciously experienced; ________ refers to what happens when sensory information is detected by a sensory receptor.
perception; sensation
Our ___________ can be affected by our beliefs, values, prejudices, expectations, and life experiences.
perceptions
Chemical messages often sent between two members of a species to communicate something about reproductive status are called ________.
pheromones
The frequency of a sound wave is associated with our perception of that sound's ____________.
pitch
What theory of pitch perception suggest that different portions of the basilar membrane are sensitive to sounds of different frequencies?
place
What allows Nancy to run without watching her feet and hit a baseball without focusing on the bat?
proprioception
What is the perception of body position?
proprioception
According to the principle of ________, objects that occur close to one another tend to be grouped together.
proximity
What principle asserts that things that are close to one another tend to be grouped together?
proximity
What color on the spectrum has the longest wavelengths?
red
Decreased sensitivity to an unchanging stimulus is known as ________.
sensory adaptation
Why don't we perceive stimuli that remains relatively constant over prolonged periods of time?
sensory adaptation
The ability to identify a stimulus when it is embedded in a distracting background is called __________ theory.
signal detection
According to what principle, things that are alike tend to be grouped together?
similarity
The quality of a sound that is affected by frequency, amplitude, and timing of the sound wave is known as ________. This also refers to a sound's purity.
timbre
Interaural __________ difference refers to the small difference in the time at which a given sound wave arrives at each ear.
timing
Which type of processing involves the interpretation of sensations and is influenced by available knowledge, experiences, and thoughts?
top-down
The conversion from sensory stimulus energy to action potential is known as __________.
transduction
________ involves the conversion of sensory stimulus energy into neural impulses.
transduction
What is a binaural cue?
two-eared cue to localize sound
Honeybees can see light in the ________ range of the electromagnetic spectrum.
ultraviolet
The ________________ refers to the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that we can see.
visible spectrum
