psychology quiz 6

In order to analyze how people explain others' behavior, Fritz Heider developed: Question 1 options: cognitive dissonance theory. scapegoat theory. attribution theory. self-disclosure theory.

attribution theory

An overwhelming desire for harmony in a decision-making group increases the probability of: Question 15 options: social facilitation. the mere exposure effect. groupthink. the foot-in-the-door phenomenon.

groupthink

Yuri decided to delay his road trip after hearing a weather forecaster warn that a severe snowstorm would pass through the area within several hours. Yuri's decision best illustrates the impact of: Question 10 options: the mere exposure effect. informational social influence. social facilitation. the foot-in-the-door phenomenon.

informational social influence

Six-year-old Ezra believes that boys are better than girls, while 5-year-old Arlette believes that girls are better than boys. Their beliefs most clearly illustrate: Question 19 options: the two-factor theory. deindividuation. ingroup bias. the mere exposure effect.

ingroup bias

Conformity resulting from a person's desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval is said to be a response to: Question 9 options: social scripts. social facilitation. normative social influence. informational social influence.

normative social influence

While driving his girlfriend to work, Nate narrowly avoided a collision with another vehicle. Moments later, he experienced an unusually warm glow of affection for his girlfriend. His romantic reaction is best explained in terms of: Question 23 options: the bystander effect. the two-factor theory of emotion. social facilitation. the mere exposure effect.

the two factor theory of emotion

The fundamental attribution error is most likely to lead observers to conclude that unemployed people: Question 4 options: are victims of discrimination. are irresponsible and unmotivated. have parents who provided poor models of social responsibility. attended schools that provided an inferior education.

are irresponsible and unmotivated

Feelings, often based on our beliefs, that predispose us to respond in particular ways to objects, people, and events are called: Question 5 options: roles. norms. attitudes. attributions.

attitudes

Altruism is best described as: Question 24 options: exerting greater effort when working in the presence of others. experiencing an increasing attraction to people as they become more familiar. behaving unselfishly to enhance the welfare of others. complying with a large request if one has previously complied with a small request.

behaving unselfishly to enhance the welfare of others

The three components of prejudice are: Question 16 options: schemas, attributions, and social scripts. inequality, frustration, and aggression. beliefs, emotions, and predispositions to action. ingroup bias, mirror-image perceptions, and deindividuation.

beliefs, emotions, and predispositions to action

The just-world phenomenon often leads people to: Question 21 options: dislike and distrust those who are wealthy. believe that victims of misfortune deserve to suffer. express higher levels of prejudice after suffering frustration. respond with kindness to those who mistreat them.

believe that victims of misfortune deserve to suffer

Feeling responsible for behavior that violates our conscience is most likely to contribute to: Question 7 options: the bystander effect. cognitive dissonance. the fundamental attribution error. group polarization.

cognitive dissonance

In Milgram's first study of obedience, the majority of teachers who were ordered to shock a learner : Question 11 options: refused to deliver even slight levels of shock. initially complied but refused to deliver more than slight levels of shock. complied until ordered to deliver intense levels of shock. complied fully and delivered the highest level of shock.

complied fully and deliver the highest level of shock

A sincere word of apology often helps to reduce the tension between two conflicting parties. This best illustrates the value of: Question 25 options: the mere exposure effect. social facilitation. groupthink. conciliation.

conciliation

Individuals who are normally law-abiding may vandalize and loot when they become part of a mob. This change in behavior is best understood in terms of: Question 14 options: social facilitation. the mere exposure effect. deindividuation. ingroup bias.

deindividuation

When the participants in Milgram's study were later surveyed about taking part in the research, most reported that they: Question 12 options: did not believe they were actually delivering shock to the learner. had actually enjoyed shocking the learner. did not regret taking part in the experiment. did not believe the study should be repeated.

did not regret taking part in the experiment

Social loafing refers to the tendency for people to: Question 13 options: perform a complex task more poorly when others are present. exert less effort when they are pooling their efforts toward a common goal. exert less effort when they are paid by the hour, not by the amount of work completed. become more distracted from their tasks when working with friends than when working with strangers.

exert less effort when they are pooling their efforts toward a common goal

Our first impressions of those we meet are most likely to be determined by their: Question 22 options: attitudes. intelligence. physical appearance. superordinate goals.

physical appearance

Following 9/11, some outraged people lashed out at innocent Arab-Americans. This venting of hostility can best be explained in terms of: Question 20 options: the mere exposure effect. the just-world phenomenon. the bystander effect. scapegoat theory.

scapegoat theory

In explaining our own behavior or the behavior of those we know well, we often resort to: Question 3 options: deindividuation. social facilitation. social loafing. situational attributions.

situational attributions

Arturo believes that most young women from California are extremely good looking and that extremely good-looking women are usually selfish and egotistical. His beliefs are examples of: Question 17 options: stereotypes. mirror-image perceptions. sexual discrimination. deindividuation.

stereotypes

If one student in a classroom begins to cough, others are likely to do the same. This best illustrates: Question 8 options: ingroup bias. the mere exposure effect. the bystander effect. the chameleon effect.

the chameleon effect

In order to brainwash captured American soldiers during the Korean War, Chinese communists made effective use of: Question 6 options: the just-world phenomenon. the bystander effect. the frustration-aggression principle. the foot-in-the-door phenomenon.

the foot in the door phenomenon

The tendency for observers to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal dispositions on another's behavior is called: Question 2 options: the bystander effect. the fundamental attribution error. deindividuation. the mere exposure effect.

the fundamental attribution error

Politicians who suggest that African-Americans are at fault for the economically disadvantaged position of their ethnic group best illustrate: Question 18 options: deindividuation. the mere exposure effect. victim blaming. conciliation.

victim blaming