Psychology quizes so far

Anis, who has been diagnosed as suffering from social anxiety disorder, is likely to experience

a fear of involving himself in public situations such as speaking or eating in a restaurant

Molly sees Mary Ann, who is normally shy, speak confidently in front of their club. Molly therefore attributes Mary Ann's behavior to the course requirement. Molly's explanation for Mary Ann's behavior is an example of

a situational attribution

To break the vicious cycle of depression, the social-cognitive perspective would suggest that people should be encouraged to explain their failures in terms that are both

external and temporary

After suffering a trauma, people commonly report nightmares. One of the benefits of these nightmares is that they help

extinguish daytime fears

Psychologist Daniel Kahneman and behavioral economist Richard Thaler each won Nobel Prizes for their studies of

faulty decision making

Which emotions stimulate different facial muscles?

fear and joy

The motor cortex is located at the rear of the ________ lobes.

frontal

Jeremy believes that his behavioral characteristics define him as a man. This refers to his

gender

________ involves making unwanted sexual advances, obscene remarks, or requests for sexual favors.

sexual harassment

Reduced arousal to threatening stimuli has been associated with a(n)

smaller-than-average amygdala

When Connie is eating dinner with her father, her father yawns. Connie then yawns too. This is likely related to

social contagion

The effect of rewards and punishments on gender typing is most clearly emphasized by

social learning theory

In discussing the role of cognition in emotion, Zajonc and Lazarus agree that

some emotional reactions always precede emotional reactions

People who have had their corpus callosum surgically severed are said to be patients with

split brains

Which lobes of the brain receive the input that enables you to feel your friend giving you a backrub?

parietal

Which portion of the cerebral cortex is located nearest the top of the head just behind the frontal lobes and receives sensory input for touch and body position?

parietal lobes

In people with major depressive disorder, interest in activities is ________ and agitation may be ________.

reduced; increased

Genes often react to the environment. This indicates that they are

self-regulating

The parietal lobes are to ________ as the temporal lobes are to ________.

sensory input; hearing

Stephanie is learning how to touch type. Because this is a new skill for her, it will involve

sequential processing

The genome is the complete

set of genetic material in an organism's chromosomes

Of the following people, who will be LESS likely to resist temptation to the sight of food?

Margo, who has not gotten enough sleep the past few days

Despite very stressful events in his life, Mark has been able to maintain good health. This is because of his persistent optimism and the emotional support of his family. An integrated understanding of Mark's well-being is most clearly provided by

a biopsychosocial approach

The large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep are called

Delta waves

Delta waves are most clearly associated with ________ sleep.

N3

Alicia is sleeping and is currently dreaming. Which sleep stage is she in?

REM

Based on research on the predictors of happiness, which of the following individuals is likely to experience the highest levels of well-being?

Sara, who has an active religious faith

Schizophrenia that develops rapidly, seemingly as a reaction to stress, is called ________ schizophrenia.

acute

Sensory neurons are ________ neurons, and motor neurons are ________ neurons.

afferent; efferent

Because of her fear of panic attacks, Veronica rarely steps outside her home. Her fears are so intense that she won't even go out to get her mail or even sit in her patio. For the most part, she is afraid of having another panic attack and not being able to get help. Veronica is suffering from

agoraphobia

On Friday, Mike, a 45-year-old plumber, not only receives his paycheck but also finds out that he has been fired. Which phase of the general adaptation syndrome is Mike most likely experiencing?

alarm reaction

Imagine that your back and legs hurt from driving for several hours. It is an extremely hot day and you walk into a gas station to pre-pay and notice a foul odor as soon as you open the door. You are most likely to experience

anger

Men are LESS likely than women to

ask for other people's opinions in a group discussion

A focus on the links between brain activity and behavior is most characteristic of ________ psychologists.

biological

We can more easily extinguish a fear of driving a car than a fear of holding snakes. This is best explained from a ________ perspective.

biological

Brain scans have revealed differences between transgender and cisgender people, suggesting a(n)

biological influence on gender identity

Which of the following disorders is the most dysfunctional and most likely to lead to suicide?

bipolar disorders

The sequence of brain regions from the oldest to newest is

brainstem, limbic system, cerebral cortex

If your ________ is destroyed, the right side of your brain could not control the movements of your left hand.

brainstem?

Russell knows that smoking is bad for him but he continues to smoke up to two packs of cigarettes a day. He is likely to experience

cognitive dissonance

The accuracy of survey results can be determined by

comparing results to government databases ??

Adina is looking for a mate. Which of the following is NOT a trait she is likely to consider?

conscientiousness

To discover the extent to which religious beliefs can be used to predict political preferences, Professor Steele and his colleagues are most likely to use

correlational measures

According to social psychologists, when we try to attribute the causes of another's actions, our search for answers often leaves us with two choices. These choices are

dispositions or situations

The DSM-5 has introduced a new diagnostic label for children who exhibit persistent irritability and recurring behavior outbursts. This pattern of behavior is now labeled

disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

Exhibiting two or more distinct and alternating personalities is a symptom of a(n)

dissociative (identity) disorder

Rain is a breast cancer survivor who interacts with other survivors online. This demonstrates that the internet can be a source of

emotional healing

The study of molecular mechanisms by which environments can trigger or block genetic expression is called

epigenetic

Contemporary researchers view the unconscious as something that involves all of the following EXCEPT

erogenous zones

The acquisition of a traditional masculine or feminine role is called

gender typing

Which of the following is NOT a form of gender expression?

height

Margo is afraid of germs and contamination. She has learned that washing her hands every 30 minutes makes her feel better. This demonstrates how maladaptive behaviors can be

reduced (INCORRECT)

Malcolm is driving to work on the interstate when a truck cuts in front of him. Malcolm slams on the brakes and avoids an accident. His heart is racing, and he feels both relief and anger at the same time. In this instance, Malcolm's stress reaction is

his pounding heart

People who interpret normal sensations as symptoms of a dreaded disease may be demonstrating symptoms of

illness anxiety disorder

men are more likely to be ________ when satisfying their need for social connectedness

independent

Karen is showing her nephew a new toy. He reacts by raising his eyebrows, rounding his mouth, and pursing his lips. It should be obvious to Karen that her nephew is

interested

Barbara has recently suffered a left hemisphere stroke. She can expect impairment in all of the following areas EXCEPT

intuition

In the process of summarizing his data, Professor Stevenson notices that the distribution of scores is lopsided because of a few extreme scores. This means that his distribution

is skewed

While walking down an unlit street, Jing hears a sudden banging sound behind her, which causes her to experience intense fear. According to the text, the fear Jing now feels involves all of the following EXCEPT

parasympathetic activity

Undergraduate women who had experienced a traumatic sexual experience in childhood were especially likely to report health problems, compared with those who had experienced other traumas, possibly because they

kept the abuse secret

After experiencing inescapable brutalities as a prisoner in a Nazi concentration camp, Mr. Sternberg became apathetic, stopped eating, and gave up all efforts to physically survive the ordeal. Mr. Sternberg's reaction most clearly illustrates

learned helplessness

Which of the following is NOT associated with increased feelings of happiness?

less career advancement

A correlation between physical attractiveness and dating frequency of +.60 would indicate that

less frequent dating is associated with lower levels of physical attractiveness.

Researchers have found that adolescents who sleep ________ a night are at an increased risk of depression.

less than 8 hours

Central tendency is to variation as _______ is to ________

mean; standard deviation

The activation of light-sensitive proteins in our eyes' retinas signals our brain to decrease the production of

melatonin

Compared with Southern China residents, residents from Northern China behave

more similar to those from an individualist culture

By applying mild electrical stimulation to parts of an animal's cortex, Gustav Fritsch and Eduard Hitzig triggered body movements. They discovered what is now called the

motor cortex

Psychologists are LEAST likely to suggest that ________ contribute(s) to the development of schizophrenia.

neglectful child-raising practices

The process of forming new neurons within the brain is called

neurogenesis

Particularly among men, sleep apnea is linked with

obesity

Omar is so preoccupied by his fear of germs that he always keeps his car and apartment windows sealed tightly, he refuses to allow anyone into his apartment, he carries his own silverware for whenever he eats away from home, and he washes his hands every time he touches anything that has been touched by someone else. Omar would most likely be diagnosed with

obsessive-compulsive disorder

Adoptive parents are LEAST likely to influence the ________ of their adopted children.

personality traits

People who typically anticipate that their outcomes in life will be negative best illustrate

pessimism

Which of the following are thought by some researchers to be basic emotions NOT identified by Carroll Izard?

pride and love

Deaf people who use sign language typically

process language in their left cerebral hemisphere.

To decide whether observed differences between samples reflect actual differences between populations, you should determine the ________ of the observed differences.

statistical significance

The finding that twice as many Millennials report having no sexual partners since the age of 18 than do those born in the 1960s and 1970s, was derived from the use of which research method?

survey

Anxious, inhibited infants become more physiologically aroused when facing new or strange situations. This best illustrates the impact of

temperament

Which of the following is often incorrectly assumed about nonsignificant results?

that there is a complete lack of difference between groups

Differences between two sample averages are most likely to be statistically significant if

the difference between the samples is large

When people actively process a message, they more often retain it. This is called

the elaboration likelihood model

After they had first agreed to display a 3-inch "Be a Safe Driver" sign, California home owners were highly likely to permit the installation of a very large and unattractive "Drive Carefully" sign in their front yards. This best illustrates

the foot-in-the-door phenomenon

Seven members of a boys' club reported the following individual earnings from their sale of cookies: $2, $9, $8, $10, $4, $9, and $7. In this distribution of individual earnings

the median is greater than the mean and less than the mode (mean: 7, median: 8, mode: 9)

Jonathan is unwilling to communicate with others, has no apparent feeling, and remains motionless for hours at a time. Jonathan is exhibiting

the negative symptoms of schizophrenia

Although many experienced drivers cannot accurately explain how they do it, most know how to turn successfully from a left to a right lane of traffic. This best illustrates the value of

unconscious processing

Right-hemisphere brain activity enables a split-brain patient's left hand to carry out instructions the patient cannot verbalize. This best illustrates the importance of

unconscious thought

Obsessions are:

unwanted, repetitive thoughts that are seemingly unending

After Joshua was able to resist the temptation to ask for a second helping of mashed potatoes, he was unable to resist the temptation to have a large piece of apple pie for dessert. Joshua's overeating best illustrates the impact of

using up self-control energy