Psychology quizes so far
Anis, who has been diagnosed as suffering from social anxiety disorder, is likely to experience
a fear of involving himself in public situations such as speaking or eating in a restaurant
Molly sees Mary Ann, who is normally shy, speak confidently in front of their club. Molly therefore attributes Mary Ann's behavior to the course requirement. Molly's explanation for Mary Ann's behavior is an example of
a situational attribution
To break the vicious cycle of depression, the social-cognitive perspective would suggest that people should be encouraged to explain their failures in terms that are both
external and temporary
After suffering a trauma, people commonly report nightmares. One of the benefits of these nightmares is that they help
extinguish daytime fears
Psychologist Daniel Kahneman and behavioral economist Richard Thaler each won Nobel Prizes for their studies of
faulty decision making
Which emotions stimulate different facial muscles?
fear and joy
The motor cortex is located at the rear of the ________ lobes.
frontal
Jeremy believes that his behavioral characteristics define him as a man. This refers to his
gender
________ involves making unwanted sexual advances, obscene remarks, or requests for sexual favors.
sexual harassment
Reduced arousal to threatening stimuli has been associated with a(n)
smaller-than-average amygdala
When Connie is eating dinner with her father, her father yawns. Connie then yawns too. This is likely related to
social contagion
The effect of rewards and punishments on gender typing is most clearly emphasized by
social learning theory
In discussing the role of cognition in emotion, Zajonc and Lazarus agree that
some emotional reactions always precede emotional reactions
People who have had their corpus callosum surgically severed are said to be patients with
split brains
Which lobes of the brain receive the input that enables you to feel your friend giving you a backrub?
parietal
Which portion of the cerebral cortex is located nearest the top of the head just behind the frontal lobes and receives sensory input for touch and body position?
parietal lobes
In people with major depressive disorder, interest in activities is ________ and agitation may be ________.
reduced; increased
Genes often react to the environment. This indicates that they are
self-regulating
The parietal lobes are to ________ as the temporal lobes are to ________.
sensory input; hearing
Stephanie is learning how to touch type. Because this is a new skill for her, it will involve
sequential processing
The genome is the complete
set of genetic material in an organism's chromosomes
Of the following people, who will be LESS likely to resist temptation to the sight of food?
Margo, who has not gotten enough sleep the past few days
Despite very stressful events in his life, Mark has been able to maintain good health. This is because of his persistent optimism and the emotional support of his family. An integrated understanding of Mark's well-being is most clearly provided by
a biopsychosocial approach
The large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep are called
Delta waves
Delta waves are most clearly associated with ________ sleep.
N3
Alicia is sleeping and is currently dreaming. Which sleep stage is she in?
REM
Based on research on the predictors of happiness, which of the following individuals is likely to experience the highest levels of well-being?
Sara, who has an active religious faith
Schizophrenia that develops rapidly, seemingly as a reaction to stress, is called ________ schizophrenia.
acute
Sensory neurons are ________ neurons, and motor neurons are ________ neurons.
afferent; efferent
Because of her fear of panic attacks, Veronica rarely steps outside her home. Her fears are so intense that she won't even go out to get her mail or even sit in her patio. For the most part, she is afraid of having another panic attack and not being able to get help. Veronica is suffering from
agoraphobia
On Friday, Mike, a 45-year-old plumber, not only receives his paycheck but also finds out that he has been fired. Which phase of the general adaptation syndrome is Mike most likely experiencing?
alarm reaction
Imagine that your back and legs hurt from driving for several hours. It is an extremely hot day and you walk into a gas station to pre-pay and notice a foul odor as soon as you open the door. You are most likely to experience
anger
Men are LESS likely than women to
ask for other people's opinions in a group discussion
A focus on the links between brain activity and behavior is most characteristic of ________ psychologists.
biological
We can more easily extinguish a fear of driving a car than a fear of holding snakes. This is best explained from a ________ perspective.
biological
Brain scans have revealed differences between transgender and cisgender people, suggesting a(n)
biological influence on gender identity
Which of the following disorders is the most dysfunctional and most likely to lead to suicide?
bipolar disorders
The sequence of brain regions from the oldest to newest is
brainstem, limbic system, cerebral cortex
If your ________ is destroyed, the right side of your brain could not control the movements of your left hand.
brainstem?
Russell knows that smoking is bad for him but he continues to smoke up to two packs of cigarettes a day. He is likely to experience
cognitive dissonance
The accuracy of survey results can be determined by
comparing results to government databases ??
Adina is looking for a mate. Which of the following is NOT a trait she is likely to consider?
conscientiousness
To discover the extent to which religious beliefs can be used to predict political preferences, Professor Steele and his colleagues are most likely to use
correlational measures
According to social psychologists, when we try to attribute the causes of another's actions, our search for answers often leaves us with two choices. These choices are
dispositions or situations
The DSM-5 has introduced a new diagnostic label for children who exhibit persistent irritability and recurring behavior outbursts. This pattern of behavior is now labeled
disruptive mood dysregulation disorder
Exhibiting two or more distinct and alternating personalities is a symptom of a(n)
dissociative (identity) disorder
Rain is a breast cancer survivor who interacts with other survivors online. This demonstrates that the internet can be a source of
emotional healing
The study of molecular mechanisms by which environments can trigger or block genetic expression is called
epigenetic
Contemporary researchers view the unconscious as something that involves all of the following EXCEPT
erogenous zones
The acquisition of a traditional masculine or feminine role is called
gender typing
Which of the following is NOT a form of gender expression?
height
Margo is afraid of germs and contamination. She has learned that washing her hands every 30 minutes makes her feel better. This demonstrates how maladaptive behaviors can be
reduced (INCORRECT)
Malcolm is driving to work on the interstate when a truck cuts in front of him. Malcolm slams on the brakes and avoids an accident. His heart is racing, and he feels both relief and anger at the same time. In this instance, Malcolm's stress reaction is
his pounding heart
People who interpret normal sensations as symptoms of a dreaded disease may be demonstrating symptoms of
illness anxiety disorder
men are more likely to be ________ when satisfying their need for social connectedness
independent
Karen is showing her nephew a new toy. He reacts by raising his eyebrows, rounding his mouth, and pursing his lips. It should be obvious to Karen that her nephew is
interested
Barbara has recently suffered a left hemisphere stroke. She can expect impairment in all of the following areas EXCEPT
intuition
In the process of summarizing his data, Professor Stevenson notices that the distribution of scores is lopsided because of a few extreme scores. This means that his distribution
is skewed
While walking down an unlit street, Jing hears a sudden banging sound behind her, which causes her to experience intense fear. According to the text, the fear Jing now feels involves all of the following EXCEPT
parasympathetic activity
Undergraduate women who had experienced a traumatic sexual experience in childhood were especially likely to report health problems, compared with those who had experienced other traumas, possibly because they
kept the abuse secret
After experiencing inescapable brutalities as a prisoner in a Nazi concentration camp, Mr. Sternberg became apathetic, stopped eating, and gave up all efforts to physically survive the ordeal. Mr. Sternberg's reaction most clearly illustrates
learned helplessness
Which of the following is NOT associated with increased feelings of happiness?
less career advancement
A correlation between physical attractiveness and dating frequency of +.60 would indicate that
less frequent dating is associated with lower levels of physical attractiveness.
Researchers have found that adolescents who sleep ________ a night are at an increased risk of depression.
less than 8 hours
Central tendency is to variation as _______ is to ________
mean; standard deviation
The activation of light-sensitive proteins in our eyes' retinas signals our brain to decrease the production of
melatonin
Compared with Southern China residents, residents from Northern China behave
more similar to those from an individualist culture
By applying mild electrical stimulation to parts of an animal's cortex, Gustav Fritsch and Eduard Hitzig triggered body movements. They discovered what is now called the
motor cortex
Psychologists are LEAST likely to suggest that ________ contribute(s) to the development of schizophrenia.
neglectful child-raising practices
The process of forming new neurons within the brain is called
neurogenesis
Particularly among men, sleep apnea is linked with
obesity
Omar is so preoccupied by his fear of germs that he always keeps his car and apartment windows sealed tightly, he refuses to allow anyone into his apartment, he carries his own silverware for whenever he eats away from home, and he washes his hands every time he touches anything that has been touched by someone else. Omar would most likely be diagnosed with
obsessive-compulsive disorder
Adoptive parents are LEAST likely to influence the ________ of their adopted children.
personality traits
People who typically anticipate that their outcomes in life will be negative best illustrate
pessimism
Which of the following are thought by some researchers to be basic emotions NOT identified by Carroll Izard?
pride and love
Deaf people who use sign language typically
process language in their left cerebral hemisphere.
To decide whether observed differences between samples reflect actual differences between populations, you should determine the ________ of the observed differences.
statistical significance
The finding that twice as many Millennials report having no sexual partners since the age of 18 than do those born in the 1960s and 1970s, was derived from the use of which research method?
survey
Anxious, inhibited infants become more physiologically aroused when facing new or strange situations. This best illustrates the impact of
temperament
Which of the following is often incorrectly assumed about nonsignificant results?
that there is a complete lack of difference between groups
Differences between two sample averages are most likely to be statistically significant if
the difference between the samples is large
When people actively process a message, they more often retain it. This is called
the elaboration likelihood model
After they had first agreed to display a 3-inch "Be a Safe Driver" sign, California home owners were highly likely to permit the installation of a very large and unattractive "Drive Carefully" sign in their front yards. This best illustrates
the foot-in-the-door phenomenon
Seven members of a boys' club reported the following individual earnings from their sale of cookies: $2, $9, $8, $10, $4, $9, and $7. In this distribution of individual earnings
the median is greater than the mean and less than the mode (mean: 7, median: 8, mode: 9)
Jonathan is unwilling to communicate with others, has no apparent feeling, and remains motionless for hours at a time. Jonathan is exhibiting
the negative symptoms of schizophrenia
Although many experienced drivers cannot accurately explain how they do it, most know how to turn successfully from a left to a right lane of traffic. This best illustrates the value of
unconscious processing
Right-hemisphere brain activity enables a split-brain patient's left hand to carry out instructions the patient cannot verbalize. This best illustrates the importance of
unconscious thought
Obsessions are:
unwanted, repetitive thoughts that are seemingly unending
After Joshua was able to resist the temptation to ask for a second helping of mashed potatoes, he was unable to resist the temptation to have a large piece of apple pie for dessert. Joshua's overeating best illustrates the impact of
using up self-control energy