Iran Comp Gov
Like China it uses a
system of dual rule-in which the government is run by formal institutions and another more powerful group.
The attempts by some Iranians to circumvent morality laws and the government's crackdowns on illicit behavior, highlight.
tension within Iran's authoritarian state. The government seeks to maintain power and control over social behavior, but by doing so, it may risk losing some legitimacy among Iranians seeking self-expression.
Which of the following is a potential implication of the "flood the system" strategy discussed by the authors in the passage for Iran's legislative system?
It has the potential to elect more reformers to political office.
Iran and Nigeria differ in which of the following ways?
Iran is a unitary state, but Nigeria is a federal state.
Supreme Leader:
The executive who is a cleric and the most powerful person in Iran. Head of state -The office has the power to appoint the heads of armed forces, the head of the judiciary, directors of television and radio, the head of the National Security council, six of the twelve members of the guardian council, all of the members of the expediency council, and the leaders of friday prayers at mosques.
Guardian Council
-A 12 member body in Iran that has the power to reject or approve legislation and reviews candidates for the presidency, parliament, local councils, and the Assembly of Experts. -Council must approve or reject every law the parliament passes as well as approve all candidates for office.
external challeneges for iran
-External challenges include economic sanctions imposed in response to Iran's development of a nuclear program and international and condemnation of Iran's record on human rights, including discrimination against ethnic and religous minorities and women, which undermines rule of law. -Drug trafficking poses another serious external challenge to the Iranian state. Iran shares its eastern border with Afghanistan, the world's largest producer of illegal opium, making it a corridor for international trafficking in illegal drugs.
expediency council
-Is an advisory body to the supreme leader. Has the power to resolve disputes between parliament and the Guardian Council, and its rulings are final. It also has the power to rewrite legislation and enact new policies into law without the consent of the parliment or the president. -Supreme leader appoints all of its members, so it is an additional way for him to control elected officials.
Iran and China share which of the following institutional arrangements?
A national assembly with only limited powers to oversee the executive and enact laws
Which of the following statements accurately describes a cleavage in Iran?
A religious cleavage exists between the Shi'a Muslims and the minority Iranian Jews, Christians, and Zoroastrians.
Which of the following best describes Iran?
A rentier state
Which of the following is a core principle of the present-day Islamist regime in Iran?
Accommodation of Islam to a constitutional framework
Iran is divided into thirty-one provinces
Although the leaders of the 1979 revolution claimed they would provide autonomy to provinces, regions have very little power.
Modernization of agriculture drove rural migrants to the cities, and there they joined the longstanding baazari groups
Baazaris felt threatened by modernization as well, because the shah encouraged Western shops and banks to open to carter to the growing urban middle class, reducing the bazaris sales opportunities.
Which of the following statements is an implication of the argument presented in the passage?
Because social movements lack organized hierarchy, it is difficult to meet their demands, and Iran is likely to face continued political instability.
Which of the following best describes both China and Iran?
Both have a unitary system of government.
Which of the following statements is true with regard to the judicial systems in Nigeria and Iran?
Both systems have elements of Shari'ah law incorporated into their judicial systems.
Which of the following is a role of the supreme leader and explains why Khamenei has the authority to take the actions described by the authors?
Commander in chief
president of Iran
Ebrahim Raisi-head of gov
Which of the following occurred soon after the death of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini?
Economic development became the central concern of the Iranian state.
Which of the following would most likely increase legitimacy in Iran?
Economic growth
Which of the following is true of Iran's Supreme Leader?
He has the power to appoint half of the members of the Guardian Council.
Which of the following statements correctly explains why Iran and China have different sources of authority?
In China, the Communist Party controls the military, while Iran has an established theocracy in the executive branch.
Which of the following is an accurate comparison of sources of legitimacy in Iran and Mexico?
In Iran, the regime primarily derives its legitimacy from religion, while in Mexico, the primary source of legitimacy is the constitution.
Which of the following legislative functions is similar in Iran and Russia?
In both countries, the legislature reviews and oversees the budget.
Which of the following most accurately compares the national legislatures of Iran and the United Kingdom?
In both countries, the legislatures approve legislation and oversee the budget.
Which of the following statements is an accurate comparison of the 2009 presidential election in Iran and the 2006 presidential election in Mexico?
In both elections, allegations of fraud were brought by the losing party.
Which of the following explains why Iran and Mexico changed voting rules for women?
In response to domestic political pressure, Iran implemented gender equity policies for voting and Mexico introduced gender quotas.
Which of the following principles did President Mohammad Khatami put at the center of his domestic agenda in his first term
Increased freedom of the press
Which of the following best describes Iranian political culture?
It values the community's welfare above individual rights.
Which of the following best describes the authors' evidence that Supreme Leader Khamenei sided with President Ahmadinejad in the aftermath of the 2009 presidential election in Iran?
Khamenei used the Revolutionary Guard to preserve the status quo by suppressing protests.
Which of the following best explains an implication of the data in the line graph?
Large negative changes in the GDP growth rate negatively affected the Iranian government because they undermined its legitimacy.
The institution in Iran that makes laws related to civil liberties is the
Majiles
Which of the following best explains the increase in GDP in 2016 ?
Most UN sanctions and sanctions by the United States and Europe were lifted in early 2016.
Which best explains why Islam plays a larger role in the political culture of Iran than that of Nigeria, despite Muslims making up a majority of the population in both countries?
Muslims in Nigeria make up the majority in only some of the states of the country, so different regions have different religious influences upon political culture, unlike Iran where Shia Muslims are a majority throughout the country.
Which of the following is an accurate explanation of the difference between political party systems in Iran and the United Kingdom?
Political parties in Iran are unable to effectively support candidates for election and are not well-established, while in the United Kingdom, political parties are free to compete and the election rules in place have resulted in a system with two major parties.
Which of the following have veto power over legislation passed by the Islamic Consultative Assembly (Majles) ?
The Guardian Council and the Supreme Leader
Which of the following explains the effect the Guardian Council's powers have on presidential candidates in Iran?
The Guardian Council restricts the number of reform-minded presidential candidates limiting the number of candidates.
Which of the following expresses the role that the Guardian Council plays in Iran's electoral process, according to the passage?
The Guardian Council vets all of the candidates seeking political office in Iran to make sure that all candidates have proper qualifications.
Which of the following is supported by the main idea of the passage?
The Iranian state could meet the demonstrators' demands and end the uprisings but probably will not.
Which of the following are the two most powerful policy-making institutions in Iran?
The Islamic Consultative Assembly (Majles) and the Guardian Council
Which of the following is an implication for competitiveness of the electoral process in Nigeria and Iran?
The Nigerian government has established an independent electoral commission to encourage competitiveness in elections, while the Iranian government continues to impose strict limits on who can run for office.
Which of the following is an argument that the authors would make about elections in Iran, based on the passage?
The authors would argue that the role that the Guardian Council plays in the Iranian electoral system prevents elections in Iran from being truly competitive.
With regard to human rights in Iran, the Iranian government has acted in which of following ways?
The government targets and imprisons political opponents.
Which of the following best describes the speaker's perspective about the authority of Iran's government?
The leadership of Iran uses the revolution of 1979 and election results as a source of authority.
Which of the following statements accurately describes the military in both China and Iran?
The military has been used to suppress public demonstrations.
Each province has a capital, which is usually the largest city in the province
The minister of the interior appoints the governors of each province, subject to the approval of the cabinet.
Which of the following best describes how members of Iran's Guardian Council are selected?
The supreme leader selects six members and the judiciary selects the other six members with Majles approval.
Political diversity in Iran's Majles is most constrained by which of the following?
The vetting of candidates by the Guardian Council
Which of the following best explains the status of media freedom in Iran?
There is some media censorship, but the government allows independent news sources as a way to maintain legitimacy.
The 1973 quadrupling of world oil prices brought Iran
a glut of wealth but skewed wealth distribution further.
nlike Mexico and Nigeria, Iran has NOT experienced which of the following?
a recent move toward liberal democracy
guardian council
a) veto power over legislation passed by the parliament (Majlis); b) supervision of elections; and. c) approving or disqualifying candidates seeking to run in local, parliamentary, presidential, or Assembly of Experts elections.
Religion is a key source of legitimacy for the Iranian state
and it can be a powerful source in maintaining the people's belief that the government has the right to rule.
The dual executive, consisting of the supreme leader and the president , has control over the
armed forces, judiciary, bureaucracy, and military.
Khamenei's remarks are evidence of his belief that
authoritarian regimes can use elections as a source of authority
it is an
authoritarian state
Bazaaris and recent urban migrants, along with students and workers
became key supporters of the revolution.
which of the following is a similarity between the political systems of Mexico and Iran?
both countries have popularly elected presidents.
n 1906, the shah allowed the creation of a legislature.
but the state remained weak, divided and influenced by Russia and the United Kingdom.
Six of the members of the GUardian Council are appointed
by the supreme leader and six are nominated by the judiciary appointed by supreme leader making the body a pillar of clerical authority that preserves the will of the supreme leader.
Which of the following describes civil society in Russia and Iran?
civil society groups in Russia and Iran are either prohibited or severely limited
A theocracy is best described as a political system based on
clerical authority
The poor observed the elite's
conspicuous consumption, which they compared with their small gains.
Cities and villages
hold direct elections for mayors and councils
Which of the following concepts does Khamenei reference in the passage?
democratization
-The Iranian gov is run by clerics, who have the most power along with
elected officials, who have some limited policymaking authority.
The supreme leader serves
for life unless he is deemed to be in incapacitated by the assembly of experts.
Quasi-governmental religious foundations have become key avenues
for sharing the nation's oil wealth with regime supporters . The foundations were created as charities to help the poor and marginalized, and they often receive government funding.
Iran is a unitary state, with power concentrated
in the central gov
Which of the following countries is best described as a theocratic state?
iran
What is another threat to legitimacy from Iran
is separatist movements and unrest in provinces that have ethnic majorities. The Baluchi minority is one example. The potential for terrorism from separatist groups is a continuing threat to the legitimacy of the regime in Iran.
The shah's policies favor:
larger over smaller enterprises, foreign over domestic investors, and urban over rural interests.
assembly of experts
lected by direct popular vote every eight years. According to the Constitution, the Assembly's mandate is to appoint, monitor, and dismiss (if appropriate) the supreme leader.
Expidency Council
not being part of the legislative branch, it can remove parliamentary powers.
Still, lack of clerical support raised questions about Khamanei's legitimacy as supreme leader, which was one
of the factors that led him to strengthen the power of the revolutionary guard, a military force loyal to him personally.
The constitution creates a theocracy based on the principle
of the jurist's guardianship, where clerical rule would ensure that the government rules according to the Islamic value.
The public resented foreign
ownership of oil production and the opportunities it presented for corruption among officials.
-The shah's poor health, along with widespread public opposition to his policies, led to a
perception that the shah's regime was weak, which was a crucial element in igniting the revolution.
The constitutional system enshrines religious authority at the top of the state, challenges to this authority include:
posting on social media, undercut its legitimacy. Social media posts critical of the state's regulation of moral behavior are seen as a threat to the political power of the clerical regime.
Shah pursued secularization
reducing the role of Islamic law in a country where the vast majority is Muslim. Domestic opposition mounted. SAVAK a state secret police force, engaged in human right violations, including the torture and execution of critics of the regime, which was growing increasingly authoritarian.
European imperialism severely compromised the empire's
sovernighty and reduced territory
Social Protests kicked into high gear after the carter administration stopped what
stopped pressing the shah for further reform.
Which of the following sets the overall state agenda, serves as commander in chief, and appoints half the Guardian Council and all members of the Expediency Council in Iran?
supreme leader
Which of the following describes an accurate difference between executive term limits in Iran and in Mexico?
the Iranian president is limited to two terms, whereas the Mexican president is limited to one term.
-Under this system of dual rule
the clergy maintains central control of the regime while giving some limited authority to officials elected to represent people. Elected officials have the power to pass and implement laws and voice some public criticism, but clerical authority is final.
Which of the following institutions in Iran has the ultimate authority to assess the compatibility of laws with Islam?
the guardian council
Immoral behavior have included
the imposition of strict enforcement of public dress codes, particularly focused on women.
Which of the following is a correct explanation of the limited power of the Iranian Majles?
the power of the Majles is limited because the Iranian Constitution created a theocratic state with democratic characteristics, with religious leaders having more power in the system.
Which of the following statements is true about Iranian domestic policy?
the predominant interpretation of Shari'ah law allows for birth control.
To avert a potential cris, a constitutional amendment eliminated
the requirement that the supreme leader come from only among the most high-ranking clergy. This allowed the regime to select then president.
The islamic clergy opposed
the shah's westernization policies as a threat to Islam.
Iran is run based off a
theocracy
Which description below most accurately describes Iran's Islamic republic?
unitary government with a dual executive whose prerogatives and responsibilities are specified in the Constitution
The revolution of 1979 that created the Islamic Republic of Iran was
was a stark ideological contrast to the revolution led by the CCP in China, because the revolution in Iran was based partly on religion, which became an important source of state legitimacy.
-In 1921, Colonial Reza khan led a coup d'eat that overthrew the weakened empire and established
what came to be known as the Pahlavi dynasty.
From 1953 to 1979, the shah launched a series of social and economic reforms to modernize Iranian Society
which further expanded the power of the state and its bureaucracy. The Shah encouraged foreign, mechanization of agriculture, & access to higher education.
Unitary systems provide authoritarian governments
with significant control over the enactment and enforcement of national policy
