Psychology Research Methods - Chapter 16
Technical words or expressions that are difficult for others to understand are called ____.
jargon
Identify the major flaws in writing that threatens economy of expression according to the APA manual style. (Select all that apply.) Unit length Redundancy Wordiness Subject-verb agreement
A., B., C.
Identify the steps that should be taken If one is the sole author of a paper. (Select all that apply.) Use the same format for one's name for all papers one prepares. Place one's name one double-spaced line beneath the title of the paper Do not include any titles or degrees with one's name. Left-align one's name between the margins.
A., B., C.
Identify true statements about the title of a paper. (Select all that apply.) The title should be short enough to avoid confusion about one's research. One should avoid using words that add little to the meaningfulness of one's title. The title should be concise yet informative. The recommended length for a title is no more than 25 words.
A., B., C.
Proper word choice is the second aspect of clear writing according to the APA specifications. One should use proper words in one's study and avoid the use of _____. (Select all that apply.) fancy words jargons unnecessary qualifiers simple words
A., B., C.
Identify the information about subjects researchers need to include in the subjects subsection of the methods section in an APA-style research manuscript. (Check all that apply.) Whether they were housed individually or in groups Their genus, species, and strain The number of animals used in the study Whether they were given free access to food and water Whether they were strays or pets Their eye color
A., B., C., D.
Identify types of sentences included in a paragraph of a paper according to the APA manual style. (Select all that apply.) Support sentences Limiting sentences Theme sentences Transitional sentences Continuous sentences
A., B., C., D.
Identify rules of thumb for lazy writing that one should follow while writing a paper. (Select all that apply.) Make sure any written assignment that one turns in is written in one's own words. Always paraphrase information from another source and provide a proper citation. Always properly cite the source of words and ideas that are not one's own. Enclose directly quoted material in quotation marks and provide the proper citation. Use quoted material only to support something which is written in one's own words. Copy overly long material from the source to avoid penalties
A., B., C., D., E.
A table prepared according to APA specifications should include _____. (Select all that apply.) a title a number a body an image
A., B., D.
If one uses someone else's words or ideas without proper citation in one's paper, one is guilty of _____. ghostwriting contract cheating document theft plagiarism
D.
In an APA-style research manuscript, the results of a statistical test used in a study is reported in _____. symbolic format graphical format tabular format sentence format
D.
In the context of flaws that seriously interfere with the clarity and precision of a research manuscript, which of the following is an error related to grammatical structure? Using qualifiers Using complex words Using jargon Using ambiguous sentences
D.
The formatting for the reference of an online version of an article will remain the same as for a print journal reference item except _____. the web address of the database used to find the article at the end a period at the end of the web address the date on which the document was retrieved the home web page for the journal at the end
D.
What is a concise summary of a research paper? An author's references The title An author's note An abstract
D.
When citing longer quotes of 40 or more words in an American Psychological Association-style (APA-style) paper, one should _____. italicize the quoted material and place it in quotation marks at the bottom of the page use a hanging indent when typing the quoted material copy and paste the quoted material into one's reference section set the quoted material off in a block paragraph format without quotation marks
D.
When reporting the results from significance test in an APA-style research manuscript, it is a good idea to begin by _____. reporting descriptive statistics associated with any significant effects the researcher has found reporting p-values that are lower than .001 as p < .001 relating the researcher's findings to previous research or theory stating the alpha used to evaluate statistical significance
D.
Which of the following information is part of the author note in a published APA-style journal article? Author's basic research strategy Findings of the study Title of the paper Author's departmental affiliation
D.
Which of the following is the first substantive section of a research paper? The discussion section The title page The introduction The abstract
D.
Which of the following should appear on the introduction page of a study? The heading "Introduction" The name of the author The author's affiliation The title of the study
D.
Which of the following should one do to ensure that a research paper has proper style? Multiple choice question. One should use jargon and fancy words in the paper. One should avoid the use of a grammar checker. One should pencil in style corrections on the printed manuscript. One should conduct a careful proofreading before submitting the work.
D.
What should be the font size for the body of a manuscript? 24 points 20 points 12 points 16 points
C.
Arrange the contents of the title page of an APA-style manuscript in the correct order. 1. The running head and page number 2. The title of the paper 3. Author name 4. Author's institutional affiliation
1., 2., 3., 4.
Arrange the description of the paragraphs that comprise an author note in a published APA-style journal article in the correct sequence. (Place the description of the first paragraph at the top.) 1. The author's affiliation. 2. Changes in author affiliation (if any) 3. The author's "point of contact" 4. Acknowledgements
1., 2., 4., 3.
Arrange the parts of one's name in the order they should appear on the title page of a paper. 1. Last name 2. Given Name 3. Middle initial(s)
2., 3., 1.
Arrange the following steps included in the formatting of an abstract in the correct order. 1. On the next line, begin the abstract. Do not indent the first line of the abstract. 2. Type the word, "Abstract" centered on the line following the running head and page number. 3. Type the abstract on a separate page and number it as page 2. 4. Include a list of keywords, centered immediately below the abstract.
3., 2., 1., 4.
Rank the following steps that have to be followed while writing an introduction of a research according to the American Psychological Association (APA) in the correct order. 1. State the purpose of one's study. 2. Identify the specific problem addressed by one's research. 3. Present a general discussion of the issue that one has chosen to study. 4. Present a review of research relating directly to one's study. 5. Show how one's study addresses the question, and state one's specific hypotheses.
3., 4., 2., 1., 5.
Identify an accurate statement about the structure of one's discussion section of an APA-style research manuscript. It is structured in such a way that it moves from specific research findings to general implications. It includes a brief review of the theories related to the topic that one has chosen to study. It presents a general discussion of the issue that one has chosen to study. It provides a brief description of the chosen research strategy.
A.
One may use a sans serif typeface such as _____ for figures in one's manuscript. Arial Times Bookman Cambria
A.
One should add one's abstract after the _____ of one's study. title page introduction method section reference section
A.
The best way to approach writing a paper is to _____. prepare a rough draft and then make careful revisions include long paragraphs to conclude the study write whatever comes in mind without any sequence use overly long sentences for explaining results of the study
A.
What should one do in a word document editor so that the last words of the lines on a page form a ragged right edge? Turn off right justification. Disable automatic hyphenation. Enter right indentation value as 0 cm. Enable widow/orphan pagination control.
A.
When reporting the results from significance test in an APA-style research manuscript, it is a good idea to begin by _____. stating the alpha used to evaluate statistical significance reporting descriptive statistics associated with any significant effects the researcher has found relating the researcher's findings to previous research or theory reporting p-values that are lower than .001 as p < .001
A.
When researchers looking for relevant articles on a particular topic scan the table of contents of a journal or an abstract in PsycINFO, the _____ of an article first captures attention. title author's affiliation author note author name
A.
Where should author's affiliation appear on the title page of a paper? One double-spaced line below author's name on the title page One double-spaced line above author's name on the title page Before author's name in the same line After author's name in the same line
A.
Where should one use single or one-and-a-half spacing at the time of creating an APA-style manuscript? In tables or figures In footnotes and endnotes Between a in the title Between lines of a text
A.
Which of the following refers to the small footnote on the bottom half of the title page of a published APA-style journal? A. Author note B. Appendix C. Abstract D. Bibliography
A.
_____ identifies where he or she was when he or she conducted his or her research. Author's affiliation Author's notes Author's name Author's qualification
A.
Match the following subsection of the method section of an APA-style study (in the left column) to the equipment and materials used in a study (in the right column). A. Apparatus subsection B. Materials subsection 1. Questionnaires, rating scales 2. Slide projectors, computers
A. 1., B. 2.
Match the levels of headings used in an APA-style manuscript (in the left column) with the respective formats (in the right column). A. Level 1 B. Level 2 C. Level 3 D. Level 4 E. Level 5 1. Indented, bold, uppercase and lowercase, end with a period 2. Centered, bold, uppercase and lowercase 3. Indented, bold, italic, uppercase and lowercase, end with a period 4. Flush left, bold, uppercase and lowercase 5. Flush left, bold, italic, uppercase and lowercase
A. 2., B. 4., C. 5., D. 1., E. 3.
True or false: A paragraph is more than a collection of grammatically correct sentences. True false question. A. True B. False
A. True
True or false: The findings of descriptive and inferential statistics will appear in the results section. A. True B. False
A. True
True or false: The findings of descriptive and inferential statistics will appear in the results section. A. True B. False
A. True
According to the APA manual style, paragraph can become confusing if it _____. (Select all that apply.) is overly long is overly short provides too much information is organized into units
A., B., C.
Identify the element that should be placed on the top half of the title page of an APA-style manuscript centered between the left and right margins. (Select all that apply.) The title Institutional affiliation information Author A concise summary of the paper
A., B., C.
According to APA style, one's introduction should include three essential elements. Identify the three elements. (Select all that apply.) an exploration of the importance of the problem examined a clear statement of one's hypothesis and how they relate to one's research design an acknowledgment such as the names of those who made special contributions to the research a description of relevant previous research and theory
A., B., D.
Identify the guidelines given by the APA publication to avoid biased language. Refer to individuals who participate in research in a way that acknowledges their participation. Provide descriptions at the appropriate level of specificity. Use active voice to create sentences in an APA-style study. Avoid labeling groups of people.
A., B., D.
If humans were used in one's study, one's procedure subsection under the method section should include details about _____. (Select all that apply.) informed-consent procedures the instructions they received any special deprivation schedule procedures for assigning subjects to conditions
A., B., D.
In an APA style, one should cite references in one's report by providing _____. (Select all that apply.) specific pages within the source the publication date of the source affiliation(s) of the author(s) the name(s) of the author(s)
A., B., D.
In the discussion section of one's study, one must base one's interpretation on _____. (Select all that apply.) data from previous research an established theory one's intuition one's data
A., B., D.
According to the APA manual, a good abstract should be _____. (Select all that apply.) nonevaluative readable detailed concise accurate
A., B., D., E.
Identify the APA manual style formatting guidelines for the reference section of a study. (Select all that apply.) Use a hanging indent when typing each APA-style reference. Make the word "References" boldface as a level 1 heading. Start the reference section on a new page. Type the word "References" on the line after the running head and page number.
A., C., D.
Identify the element that should be placed on the top half of the title page of an APA-style manuscript centered between the left and right margins. (Select all that apply.) The title A concise summary of the paper Institutional affiliation information Author
A., C., D.
One should use a single space after _____ in an APA-style manuscript. (Select all that apply.) colons question marks commas semicolons
A., C., D.
Whenever one directly quotes a source, one must include _____. (Select all that apply.) the year of publication the author's affiliation page number(s) the author's name
A., C., D.
Identify general rules suggested by Crew to help one attain unity within paragraphs. (Select all that apply.) Make the theme sentence the most general sentence within a paragraph. Make more than two major points within a paragraph. Use complete sequences of limiting or supporting sentences. Make only one major point within a paragraph. Stick to the theme stated at the outset of paragraphs.
A., C., D., E.
Identify the information that should be included in the abstract for an empirical study. (Check all that apply.) Basic findings Names of those who made special contributions to the study Participants or data sources Essential features of the study method The problem under investigation Conclusions and implications
A., C., D., E., F.
At the time of creating an APA-style manuscript, if one wants a word too long to fit on a given line appear in its entirety on the next line, then one should _____. set horizontal alignment as center disable automatic hyphenation turn on right justification set gutter position to left
B.
Each journal has its own requirements concerning the length of a research paper's abstract. In most cases, the length of the abstract should be between _____. 50 and 100 words 150 and 250 words 100 and 150 words 350 and 400 words
B.
Identify a correct formatting for a journal reference for the reference section of a study. Exclude the DOI system number of the journal. Italicize the title of the journal and volume number. Do not italicize associated punctuation marks. Leave a double space after all punctuation marks.
B.
Identify a true statement about margins in an APA-style manuscript. All margins must be at least 2 inches all around (top, bottom, left, and right). All margins must be at least 1 inch all around (top, bottom, left, and right). Top and bottom margins must be 1.5 inch whereas left and right margins must be 1 inch. Left margin must be 1.5 inch and other margins must be 1 inch.
B.
If one has many means relating to a complex interaction, one should organize descriptive statistics in the results section of an APA-style manuscript in _____. sentence format tabular format graphical format text format
B.
If one must express a personal opinion in the introduction, one should offer it without _____. verifying and validating the facts regarding the controversy hostility and personal attacks on those with whom one disagrees hesitation and fear of the individual of whom one disagrees an explanation for the expression of the opinion
B.
In most cases of APA-style manuscript writing, researchers use a _____ heading structure. five-level three-level four-level two-level
B.
In the body of a paper, content and copyright footnotes are numbered using _____. special characters Arabic numerals Roman numerals lowercase alphabets
B.
In the discussion section of one's study, one should report _____. articles, books, or other sources that one used as references problems encountered during the course the findings of any statistical analyses of the data how one conducted the study
B.
In the procedure subsection of one's APA-style study, one should describe _____. the sex, age, weight, and physical condition of the animals used in the study the conditions to which subjects were exposed the manufacturer's name of the equipment used in the study the personal characteristics of the participants
B.
The format of a citation within the text of a manuscript depends on how the sentence that includes the citation is written. If the citation is "tacked on" to the sentence, one should _____. give the last name(s) of the author(s) and, in parentheses, excluding the year in which the work was published enclose the citation in parentheses enclose the first name(s) of the author(s) in parentheses give the last name(s) of the author(s) followed by the first name(s) and the year(s) of birth in parentheses
B.
The format of a citation within the text of a manuscript depends on how the sentence that includes the citation is written. If the citation is included as an integral part of the sentence, one should _____. give the last name(s) of the author(s) followed by the first name(s) and the year(s) of birth in parentheses give the last name(s) of the author(s) and, in parentheses, the year in which the work was published enclose the first name(s) of the author(s) in parentheses enclose the entire citation in parentheses
B.
To follow APA style, begin the introduction on a new page with _____ at the top of the page. the references list the running head and page number the title and page number the author note
B.
What should one do after preparing an APA-style paper? One should analyze the collected data. One should disseminate one's results. One should start conducting one's experiment. One should decide the method of collecting data.
B.
Which of the following is the first substantive section of a research paper? The introduction The abstract The discussion section The title page
B.
Which of the following seriously interferes with the clarity and precision of the given sentence?"The participants' reaction to the placebo were observed for a period of three months." Incorrect word choice Subject-verb agreement Ambiguous sentence Unnecessary qualifiers
B.
True or false: In the results section of one's study, one should center the heading "Results" as a level 3 heading. A. True B. False
B. False
True or false: One should turn on the setting in one's word processor that reduces the spacing between characters. A. True B. False
B. False
The commonly used types of figures are _____. (Select all that apply.) tables photographs graphs drawings
B., C., D.
Identify the stylistic errors that make a negative impression on readers with respect to the presentation of a research manuscript. (Check all that apply.) Complex concepts Frequent misspellings Typographical errors Economy of expression Misused words
B., C., E.
Identify the steps that are involved when citing longer quotes of 40 or more words in an American Psychological Association-style (APA-style) paper. (Check all that apply.) Include the quoted material in one's paragraph and enclose the quoted material in quotation marks. Provide appropriate citation information at the end of the paragraph. Italicize the quoted material and place it in quotation marks at the bottom of the page. Indent the entire block quote about a half inch from the left margin.
B., D.
Which of the following details about human participants are included in the participants subsection of the methods section in an APA-style research manuscript? (Check all that apply.) The genus, species, and strain Relevant demographic variables Details of the care and housing The procedures used for selection The number of participants Information on personal characteristics
B., D., E., F.
According to APA specifications, one should spell out numbers lower than _____. 5 30 10 20
C.
According to the APA manual, for statistical symbols, one should use _____ for Greek letters and for acronyms. underline bold typeface normal typeface italics
C.
According to the APA style, if a study used animals, researchers should describe them in a(n) _____ subsection of the method section of the manuscript. participants materials subjects apparatus
C.
Identify an exception to the spelling out rule of numbers. Express numbers for universally accepted usages in numerical form. Any number that begins a sentence, title, or heading should be expressed in numeral form. One should use numerals when a number immediately precedes a unit of measurement. Express numbers representing common fractions numerically.
C.
If humans take part as subjects in a study, the researcher should describe them in a _____ subsection in the method section of the APA-style research manuscript. design materials participants subjects
C.
In an APA-style manuscript, one should indent _____. figure captions titles and headings the first line of all paragraphs and footnotes the first paragraph of block quotes
C.
In an APA-style study, the method section begins immediately after the end of the _____. abstract reference section introduction results section
C.
In the results section of one's APA-style study, one _____. relates one's findings to previous research or theory draws conclusions presents all relevant data summaries and analyses interprets results
C.
One must list all articles, books, or other sources that one cited in the body of one's paper in the _____ of an APA-style study. method section discussion section reference section introduction
C.
The best way to avoid disorganization in a manuscript is to _____. discuss the methods used before the introduction start the manuscript with the conclusion of the paper make an outline of the paper before beginning writing mention the identified subtopics at the starting of the paper
C.
The primary function of the introduction of a study is to _____. explain findings from one's experimental study provide a concise summary of one's research paper describe the problem studied and one's basic research strategy describe the characteristics of one's subjects, materials, and apparatus used, research design, as well as the procedures followed
C.
The text of a research paper begins with _____. the method section the abstract the introduction the reference section
C.
What details should one provide if one used a commercial piece of laboratory equipment in one's study? Locations of attached equipment Characteristics and features Model number and manufacturer Materials of construction
C.
What should one do if the introduction of one's study includes information of a controversial nature? One should express personal opinion with making personal attacks on those with whom one disagrees. One should express strong opinions on one side or another of the controversial issue. One should present the information in a fair and balanced manner. When using citations to support one's view or one's research, one can present the research out of context.
C.
Which of the following are true of the discussion section of an APA-style research manuscript? (Check all that apply.) Researchers report any data transformations that they have applied to the data of the study in this section. Researchers present all relevant data summaries and analyses of their study in this section. Researchers interpret the results and draw conclusions of their study in this section. Researchers relate their findings of the study to previous research or theory in this section.
C., D.
Identify the exceptions to the rule of numerical expression of numbers 10 and above with reference to the APA manual. Write out numbers when discussing a specific place in an ordered series. All numbers that refer to approximated time period should be expressed in numerical form. Write out numbers representing common fractions. Write out any number that begins a sentence, title, or heading Write out numbers for universally accepted usages.
C., D., E.
Identify the subsections into which the method section of an APA-style manuscript is commonly divided. (Check all that apply.) Analysis Results or findings Procedures Participants or subjects Materials and/or apparatus
C., D., E.
According to APA style, the results section of a study should begin immediately after the _____. reference section introduction discussion section method section
D.
At the time of citing quoted material from an electronic source, one should provide _____. the web address of the database one used to find the material the web address of the material page number(s) where one found the quoted material paragraph number(s) where one found the quoted material
D.
Identify a true statement about using numbers in an APA-style research manuscript. Numbers greater than 10 should be spelled out. Numbers that represent common fractions should be expressed numerically. Any number that begins a sentence, title, or heading should be expressed numerically. Numbers 10 and above should be expressed numerically.
D.
Identify the subsection of the method section in an APA-style manuscript that is particularly useful when one's study uses an unconventional or complex format. Participants Apparatus Procedure Design
D.
When one inadvertently uses language that presupposes that one group is preferred over another or that might be offensive to a group of people, ____ ____ occurs.
biased language