Psychology Test 4
Psychotherapies influence clients' thoughts, feelings, and ______________.
behaviors
Albert Ellis's rational emotive therapy methods are __________ and directive.
active
In generalized dissociative _________, people forget their entire lives.
amnesia
According to Carl Rogers, psychological problems arise from roadblocks placed in the path of __________________________.
self-actualization
The core of generalized anxiety disorder appears to be pervasive worrying about numerous _____________.
stressors
A(n) ___________ is a condition in which the senses, thought, and movement are dulled.
stupor
Cognitive therapy is likely to focus on changing the ____________________________ that create and compound people's problems.
beliefs and attitudes
On a(n) _______________ level, prejudice is linked to expectations that members of the target group will behave poorly, say in the workplace, or engage in criminal behavior or terrorism.
cognitive
In client-centered therapy, _______________ refers to the recognition of a client's experiences and feelings.
empathy
The feeling of ____________ encourages helping behavior and discourages aggression.
empathy
A form of group therapy that may be undertaken from the systems approach is called __________________.
family therapy
Behavior-therapy methods for reducing __________ include virtual therapy.
fears
A characteristic of groupthink, that contributes to _______________________, the group's belief in its rightness.
flawed decisions
In the ____________ phase of bipolar disorder, a person may make huge contributions to charity.
manic
According to Robert Sternberg's triangular model of love, ____________ is most crucial in short-term relationships.
passion
Client-centered therapists have unconditioned ___________________ for their clients.
positive regard
People with acute stress disorder can go on to experience _______________________ disorder.
post traumatic stress
During modern psychodynamic therapy, the client and the ____________ usually sit face to face.
therapist
_______________________ is characterized by feelings of anxiety and helplessness that are caused by a traumatic event.
Acute stress disorder
___________________ is a perception in the absence of sensory stimulation that is confused with reality.
Hallucination
A racing heart is a ___________ symptom of anxiety disorders.
physical
In the context of depressive disorder, people who remain depressed have lower ______________.
self-esteem
Excessive fear of public speaking is a common ___________ anxiety disorder.
social
_____________ were intended primarily for housing people with psychological disorders.
Asylums
_____________________ was originated by Fritz Perls.
Gestalt therapy
_______________________ refer to erroneous belief that one is being victimized.
Ideas of persecution
_____________________ is characterized largely by persistent anxiety.
Neuroticism
______________ personality disorder is a tendency to interpret other people's behavior as threatening or demeaning.
Paranoid
__________________ appearance is a factor that contributes to attraction.
Physical
__________________________ is the best known form of psychosurgery that is used with people with severe psychological disorders.
Prefrontal lobotomy
_____________________ therapies are based on the thinking of Sigmund Freud.
Psychodynamic
_______________________ is characterized by disturbances in thought and language, perception and attention, motor activity, and mood, as well as withdrawal and absorption in daydreams or fantasy.
Schizophrenia
________________ are excessive, irrational fears of specific objects or situations, such as spiders, snakes, etc.
Specific phobias
The hypothalamus brain structure is associated with instinctive _________________ reactions in nonhumans.
aggressive
Most ____________________ drugs belong to the chemical class known as benzodiazepines.
antianxiety
Behavior inconsistent with an attitude that may have the effect of modifying an attitude is known as _____________________________________.
attitude-discrepant behavior
People with _________________________ are generally unwilling to enter a relationship without some assurance of acceptance.
avoidant personality disorder
People with _______________ personality disorder alternate between extremes in adulation and loathing.
borderline
In the context of schizophrenia, people with the condition termed ______________ show striking impairment in motor activity.
catatonic
When ads focus on the quality of the product, they persuade people to change attitudes through ________________.
central route
In the context of specific phobias, ___________________ is the fear of tight or enclosed places.
claustrophobia
Belonging to a ______________ society increases the tendency to conform.
collectivist
According to the triangular mode of love, __________________ means deciding to enhance and maintain the relationship.
commitment
People are said to ____________ when they change their behavior to adhere to social norms.
conform
Social-cognitive theorist believe _________________________ play key roles in aggressive behavior among humans.
consciousness and choice
Unlike client-centered therapy, Gestalt therapy is _____________ in nature.
directive
Amnesia is frequently associated with _________________ disorders.
dissociative
Testosterone appears to affect the tendencies to __________________ and control other people.
dominate
Passion involves _______________ for the loved one, sexual craving, and the desire for exclusiveness.
fascination
In ___________________________, clients are made comfortable and asked to talk about any topic that comes to mind.
free association
People with _______________ anxiety disorder suffer from persistent anxiety that cannot be attributed to a phobic object, situation, or activity.
generalized
An advantage of __________________, is it allows the therapist to work with several clients at once.
group therapy
Illness anxiety disorder is a type of somatic symptom disorder that was earlier called _________________.
hypochondria
Aaron Beck believed that clients may selectively perceive the world as a harmful place and _______________________ to the contrary.
ignore evidence
Behavior therapists may help clients become aware of the circumstances in which ______________ behavior occurs.
maladaptive
People with ______________________ may become severely depressed when things are going well or when they encounter mildly upsetting events.
mood disorders
Stanley Milgram undertook a series of classic experiments at Yale University in 1963 to study the factors that contribute to ____________________________.
obedience to authority
Behavior therapists rely heavily on principles of conditioning and _____________________ learning.
observational
Agreement and ____________ are more effective ways to encourage others to embrace one's views.
praise
Discrimination refers to behavior that results from ______________.
prejudice
The discomfort faced by the participants in the Asch study was caused by the _____________ to conform.
pressure
Reason people tend to have partners form the same background is ________________.
propinquity
Overcrowding aggravated the ___________________ problems that inmates of asylums were already facing.
psychological
Psychological disorders are sometimes associated with faulty perceptions or interpretations of ___________.
reality
The attraction-similarity hypothesis theorizes that ________________ is a powerful determinant of attraction.
reciprocity
From the behavioral perspective, strong, agile organisms are likely to be _____________ for aggressive behavior.
reinforced
The deliberate seeking and attending to information that is consistent with one's attitude is known as ______________________.
selective exposure
According to Gestalt therapy, people don __________________, pretending to be things that they are not.
social masks
Conversion disorder is a type of ____________________ disorder.
somatoform
In groupthink, external threats heighten the cohesiveness of the group and is a source of ____________.
stress
Posttraumatic stress disorder may occur months or years after a ______________ experience.
traumatic
When the superego floods an individual with excessive guilt, ______________ are established.
defenses
______________________ is characterized by excessive worrying, fear of losing control, nervousness, and inability to relax.
Anxiety disorder
______________ relies on observational learning.
Modeling
A(n) _____________ is an enduring mental representation of a person, place, or thing that typically evokes an emotional response and related behavior.
attitude
Valuing being right over being liked ________________ the tendency to conform.
decreases
Ecstatic elation and _______________________ are both aspects of delusional disorder.
deep depression
Prejudice is connected to avoidance, aggression, and _________________________.
discrimination
We are biased toward making ___________________ when we explain other people's behavior.
dispositional attributions
According to the ___________________, people with schizophrenia use more dopamine than most people do.
dopamine theory
In the context of psychoanalysis, Sigmund Freud considered ___________ the "royal road to the unconscious."
dreams
According to psychodynamic therapy, psychological problems reflect _______________________ experiences and inner conflicts.
early childhood
In the context of biofeedback training, the ______________________ is a device that is used to monitor muscle tension.
electromyograph
In the context of group behavior, ________________________ is the concern that others are assessing one's behavior.
evaluation apprehension
Rational emotive behavior therapists encourage clients to challenge and correct _______________ expectations.
irrational
Cognitive psychologists believe, people decide whether they will lash out or not on the basis of their interpretation of the other person's ______________.
motives
Dissociative identity disorder was formerly termed ______________________ disorder.
multiple personality
Antidepressant medication tends to increase the concentration of ____________________ in the brain.
noradrenaline
Fritz Perls used the term Gestalt to signify his interest in giving the conflicting parts of the ______________ an integrated form or shape.
personality
The elaboration likelihood model describes the ways in which people respond to _______________ messages.
persuasive
Behavior therapy applies ______________________ to directly promote desired behavioral changes.
principles of learning