Psychology Test 4

Psychotherapies influence clients' thoughts, feelings, and ______________.

behaviors

Albert Ellis's rational emotive therapy methods are __________ and directive.

active

In generalized dissociative _________, people forget their entire lives.

amnesia

According to Carl Rogers, psychological problems arise from roadblocks placed in the path of __________________________.

self-actualization

The core of generalized anxiety disorder appears to be pervasive worrying about numerous _____________.

stressors

A(n) ___________ is a condition in which the senses, thought, and movement are dulled.

stupor

Cognitive therapy is likely to focus on changing the ____________________________ that create and compound people's problems.

beliefs and attitudes

On a(n) _______________ level, prejudice is linked to expectations that members of the target group will behave poorly, say in the workplace, or engage in criminal behavior or terrorism.

cognitive

In client-centered therapy, _______________ refers to the recognition of a client's experiences and feelings.

empathy

The feeling of ____________ encourages helping behavior and discourages aggression.

empathy

A form of group therapy that may be undertaken from the systems approach is called __________________.

family therapy

Behavior-therapy methods for reducing __________ include virtual therapy.

fears

A characteristic of groupthink, that contributes to _______________________, the group's belief in its rightness.

flawed decisions

In the ____________ phase of bipolar disorder, a person may make huge contributions to charity.

manic

According to Robert Sternberg's triangular model of love, ____________ is most crucial in short-term relationships.

passion

Client-centered therapists have unconditioned ___________________ for their clients.

positive regard

People with acute stress disorder can go on to experience _______________________ disorder.

post traumatic stress

During modern psychodynamic therapy, the client and the ____________ usually sit face to face.

therapist

_______________________ is characterized by feelings of anxiety and helplessness that are caused by a traumatic event.

Acute stress disorder

___________________ is a perception in the absence of sensory stimulation that is confused with reality.

Hallucination

A racing heart is a ___________ symptom of anxiety disorders.

physical

In the context of depressive disorder, people who remain depressed have lower ______________.

self-esteem

Excessive fear of public speaking is a common ___________ anxiety disorder.

social

_____________ were intended primarily for housing people with psychological disorders.

Asylums

_____________________ was originated by Fritz Perls.

Gestalt therapy

_______________________ refer to erroneous belief that one is being victimized.

Ideas of persecution

_____________________ is characterized largely by persistent anxiety.

Neuroticism

______________ personality disorder is a tendency to interpret other people's behavior as threatening or demeaning.

Paranoid

__________________ appearance is a factor that contributes to attraction.

Physical

__________________________ is the best known form of psychosurgery that is used with people with severe psychological disorders.

Prefrontal lobotomy

_____________________ therapies are based on the thinking of Sigmund Freud.

Psychodynamic

_______________________ is characterized by disturbances in thought and language, perception and attention, motor activity, and mood, as well as withdrawal and absorption in daydreams or fantasy.

Schizophrenia

________________ are excessive, irrational fears of specific objects or situations, such as spiders, snakes, etc.

Specific phobias

The hypothalamus brain structure is associated with instinctive _________________ reactions in nonhumans.

aggressive

Most ____________________ drugs belong to the chemical class known as benzodiazepines.

antianxiety

Behavior inconsistent with an attitude that may have the effect of modifying an attitude is known as _____________________________________.

attitude-discrepant behavior

People with _________________________ are generally unwilling to enter a relationship without some assurance of acceptance.

avoidant personality disorder

People with _______________ personality disorder alternate between extremes in adulation and loathing.

borderline

In the context of schizophrenia, people with the condition termed ______________ show striking impairment in motor activity.

catatonic

When ads focus on the quality of the product, they persuade people to change attitudes through ________________.

central route

In the context of specific phobias, ___________________ is the fear of tight or enclosed places.

claustrophobia

Belonging to a ______________ society increases the tendency to conform.

collectivist

According to the triangular mode of love, __________________ means deciding to enhance and maintain the relationship.

commitment

People are said to ____________ when they change their behavior to adhere to social norms.

conform

Social-cognitive theorist believe _________________________ play key roles in aggressive behavior among humans.

consciousness and choice

Unlike client-centered therapy, Gestalt therapy is _____________ in nature.

directive

Amnesia is frequently associated with _________________ disorders.

dissociative

Testosterone appears to affect the tendencies to __________________ and control other people.

dominate

Passion involves _______________ for the loved one, sexual craving, and the desire for exclusiveness.

fascination

In ___________________________, clients are made comfortable and asked to talk about any topic that comes to mind.

free association

People with _______________ anxiety disorder suffer from persistent anxiety that cannot be attributed to a phobic object, situation, or activity.

generalized

An advantage of __________________, is it allows the therapist to work with several clients at once.

group therapy

Illness anxiety disorder is a type of somatic symptom disorder that was earlier called _________________.

hypochondria

Aaron Beck believed that clients may selectively perceive the world as a harmful place and _______________________ to the contrary.

ignore evidence

Behavior therapists may help clients become aware of the circumstances in which ______________ behavior occurs.

maladaptive

People with ______________________ may become severely depressed when things are going well or when they encounter mildly upsetting events.

mood disorders

Stanley Milgram undertook a series of classic experiments at Yale University in 1963 to study the factors that contribute to ____________________________.

obedience to authority

Behavior therapists rely heavily on principles of conditioning and _____________________ learning.

observational

Agreement and ____________ are more effective ways to encourage others to embrace one's views.

praise

Discrimination refers to behavior that results from ______________.

prejudice

The discomfort faced by the participants in the Asch study was caused by the _____________ to conform.

pressure

Reason people tend to have partners form the same background is ________________.

propinquity

Overcrowding aggravated the ___________________ problems that inmates of asylums were already facing.

psychological

Psychological disorders are sometimes associated with faulty perceptions or interpretations of ___________.

reality

The attraction-similarity hypothesis theorizes that ________________ is a powerful determinant of attraction.

reciprocity

From the behavioral perspective, strong, agile organisms are likely to be _____________ for aggressive behavior.

reinforced

The deliberate seeking and attending to information that is consistent with one's attitude is known as ______________________.

selective exposure

According to Gestalt therapy, people don __________________, pretending to be things that they are not.

social masks

Conversion disorder is a type of ____________________ disorder.

somatoform

In groupthink, external threats heighten the cohesiveness of the group and is a source of ____________.

stress

Posttraumatic stress disorder may occur months or years after a ______________ experience.

traumatic

When the superego floods an individual with excessive guilt, ______________ are established.

defenses

______________________ is characterized by excessive worrying, fear of losing control, nervousness, and inability to relax.

Anxiety disorder

______________ relies on observational learning.

Modeling

A(n) _____________ is an enduring mental representation of a person, place, or thing that typically evokes an emotional response and related behavior.

attitude

Valuing being right over being liked ________________ the tendency to conform.

decreases

Ecstatic elation and _______________________ are both aspects of delusional disorder.

deep depression

Prejudice is connected to avoidance, aggression, and _________________________.

discrimination

We are biased toward making ___________________ when we explain other people's behavior.

dispositional attributions

According to the ___________________, people with schizophrenia use more dopamine than most people do.

dopamine theory

In the context of psychoanalysis, Sigmund Freud considered ___________ the "royal road to the unconscious."

dreams

According to psychodynamic therapy, psychological problems reflect _______________________ experiences and inner conflicts.

early childhood

In the context of biofeedback training, the ______________________ is a device that is used to monitor muscle tension.

electromyograph

In the context of group behavior, ________________________ is the concern that others are assessing one's behavior.

evaluation apprehension

Rational emotive behavior therapists encourage clients to challenge and correct _______________ expectations.

irrational

Cognitive psychologists believe, people decide whether they will lash out or not on the basis of their interpretation of the other person's ______________.

motives

Dissociative identity disorder was formerly termed ______________________ disorder.

multiple personality

Antidepressant medication tends to increase the concentration of ____________________ in the brain.

noradrenaline

Fritz Perls used the term Gestalt to signify his interest in giving the conflicting parts of the ______________ an integrated form or shape.

personality

The elaboration likelihood model describes the ways in which people respond to _______________ messages.

persuasive

Behavior therapy applies ______________________ to directly promote desired behavioral changes.

principles of learning