Psychology Unit 1

_____ is assumed by many to be the African American "father of psychology".

Francis Cecil Sumner

A _____ (diagnostic tool) involves injecting a person with radioactive glucose to map brain function.

PET scan

_____ is a rare disorder in which the mechanism that blocks the movement of the voluntary muscles fails, allowing the person to thrash around and even get up and act of nightmares.

REM behavior disorder

The psychodynamic prospective draws from the work of

Sigmund Freud

_____ is known as the "father of psychology" because he brought objectivity and the first true experimental laboratory into psychology.

Wilhelm Wundt

Many researchers believe that there is

a kind of consciousness in at least some animals

Pavlov showed that _____ could be induced by a formerly unrelated stimulus.

a reflex

According to the _____, a dream is merely another kind of thinking that occurs when people sleep.

activation-synthesis hypothesis

_____ carry messages from the sense to the spinal cord.

afferent neurons

In testing whether children are influenced by violence on tv, the best method would be

an experiment

Sleep walking is

at least partially due to heredity

The _____ is to the involuntary muscle as the _____ is to voluntary muscles.

autonomic nervous system, somatic nervous system

_____ focuses on the biological bases of psychological processes, behavior, and learning.

behavioral neuroscience

_____ are person judgements based on belief rather that facts.

biases

The beverage with the highest caffeine content is

brewed coffee

Explanation as a goal of psychology involves

building a theory

The _____ says that people in a crowd are less likely to help someone in trouble as compared to a person witnessing in someone in need of help in the absence of others.

bystander effect

The cognitive perspective focuses on

memory, intelligence, perception, problem solving, and learning

Predators such as lions sleep _____ as their prey, gazelles.

more hours per day

Cocaine is a

natural drug

If it is shown that a student's grades go down with the more hours they spend watching tv, then the grades and watching tv have a _____.

negative correlation

Agonists mimics or enhances the effect of a

neurotransmitter

Researchers would use a _____ to test for the effect of age on a person's behavior.

quasi-experimental design

Scientists report their results even if an experiment failed because

researchers studying the same things will gain from what has already been learned

Biopsychology has found mounting evidence of a biological cause for

schizophrenia

Unlike other glands, like salivary or sweat glands, endocrine glands

secrete hormones directly into the blood stream

SSRIs treat depression by blocking the reuptake of

serotonin

The _____ is the division of the peripheral nervous system that carries information from the senses of the central nervous system and from the central nervous system to the voluntary muscles of the body.

somatic nervous system

Ecstasy is classified as a

stimulatory hallucinogen

Freud used dreams as a way to to get to a patients'

unconscious conflicts stemming from childhood

Most young adults need ____ hours of sleep every 24-hours.

7-9

REM sleep is when _____ of dreams occur.

90%

_____ is characterized by delusions and paranoia.

Amphetamine psychosis

_____ suppress the sensation of pain by binding to and stimulating the nervous system's natural receptor sites for endorphins.

Narcotics

One of the most widely used stimulants is

caffeine

Journals in which research is viewed by other experts in the field are

called peer reviews

The main disadvantage in the case study method is that researchers

cannot really apply the results to other similar people

_____ involves mapping "slices" of the brain by computer, and it is the imaging method of choice when there is metal in the body.

computed tomography

Harboring a belief that all male motorcyclists wear beards, then only noticing motorcyclists with beards is an example of

confirmation bias

_____ is the insertion into the brain of an animal of a thin, insulated wire, through which an electrical current is sent that destroys the brain cells at the tip of the wire.

deep lesioning

Low levels of serotonin activity have been linked to

depression

The goals of psychology are

description, explanation, prediction, and control.

Driving and talking on the cell phone at the same time is an example of a state of

divided consciousness

Partial firing of a neuron _____ because of all-or-none thinking.

does not happen

Barbiturates used in combination with alcohol may cause a lethal

drug interaction

With _____, a person must use larger and larger doses of a drug to achieve the same initial effects.

drug tolerance

The process by which the structure of a neurotransmitter is altered so that it can no longer act on a receptor is

enzymatic degradation

Roger Sperry cut through the corpus callosom in an effort to cure

epilepsy

An _____ (research method) will allow researchers to determine the cause of behavior

experiment

The _____ is subjected to the independent variable, while the _____ may receive a placebo.

experimental group, control group

The _____ is when a person conducting an experiment influences the outcome of the test.

experimenter effect

The _____ lobes are responsible for higher mental processes such as decision making.

frontal

Sleep apnea can cause

heart problems

Melatonin and thyroxin are examples of

hormones

The sleep-wake cycle is controlled by the

hypothalamus

A _____ is a tentative explanation of a phenomenon based on observation.

hypothesis

The _____ is manipulated by the experimenter.

independent variable

Hispanic psychologist Jorge Sanchez is known for his research on

intelligence tests and their cultural biases

The _____ connect the afferent neurons to the efferent neurons.

interneurons

In studies which volunteers spend several days without access to information about day or night, their sleep-wake cycles

lengthened

Description involves _____ a person's behavior.

observing

In measuring the the effect of violent cartoons on childhood agression, researchers must identify the _____ of "aggressive behavior".

operational definition

Normal breathing is closely related to the functioning of the

parasympathetic division

The _____ allows the brian and spinal cord to communicate with the sensory systems.

peripheral nervous system

A _____ is someone who seeks wisdom and knowledge through thinking and discussion.

philosopher

By making a loud noise when "Little Albert" was presented with a rat, John Watson taught the baby to fear rats. This proved that

phobias could be learned through conditioning

According to researchers, men tend to have more _____ in their dreams than women.

physical aggression

"Magic mushrooms" contain

psilocybin

The _____ serves as a relay station for sensory information.

thalamus

Description as a goal of psychology involves

the circumstances

Prediction as a goal of psychology involves

the future

Control as a goal of psychology involves

the modification of behavior

The cortex is so wrinkled because

the wrinkles allow it to fit inside the skull

The spinal cord is divided into _____ areas.

two