Psychology Unit 1
_____ is assumed by many to be the African American "father of psychology".
Francis Cecil Sumner
A _____ (diagnostic tool) involves injecting a person with radioactive glucose to map brain function.
PET scan
_____ is a rare disorder in which the mechanism that blocks the movement of the voluntary muscles fails, allowing the person to thrash around and even get up and act of nightmares.
REM behavior disorder
The psychodynamic prospective draws from the work of
Sigmund Freud
_____ is known as the "father of psychology" because he brought objectivity and the first true experimental laboratory into psychology.
Wilhelm Wundt
Many researchers believe that there is
a kind of consciousness in at least some animals
Pavlov showed that _____ could be induced by a formerly unrelated stimulus.
a reflex
According to the _____, a dream is merely another kind of thinking that occurs when people sleep.
activation-synthesis hypothesis
_____ carry messages from the sense to the spinal cord.
afferent neurons
In testing whether children are influenced by violence on tv, the best method would be
an experiment
Sleep walking is
at least partially due to heredity
The _____ is to the involuntary muscle as the _____ is to voluntary muscles.
autonomic nervous system, somatic nervous system
_____ focuses on the biological bases of psychological processes, behavior, and learning.
behavioral neuroscience
_____ are person judgements based on belief rather that facts.
biases
The beverage with the highest caffeine content is
brewed coffee
Explanation as a goal of psychology involves
building a theory
The _____ says that people in a crowd are less likely to help someone in trouble as compared to a person witnessing in someone in need of help in the absence of others.
bystander effect
The cognitive perspective focuses on
memory, intelligence, perception, problem solving, and learning
Predators such as lions sleep _____ as their prey, gazelles.
more hours per day
Cocaine is a
natural drug
If it is shown that a student's grades go down with the more hours they spend watching tv, then the grades and watching tv have a _____.
negative correlation
Agonists mimics or enhances the effect of a
neurotransmitter
Researchers would use a _____ to test for the effect of age on a person's behavior.
quasi-experimental design
Scientists report their results even if an experiment failed because
researchers studying the same things will gain from what has already been learned
Biopsychology has found mounting evidence of a biological cause for
schizophrenia
Unlike other glands, like salivary or sweat glands, endocrine glands
secrete hormones directly into the blood stream
SSRIs treat depression by blocking the reuptake of
serotonin
The _____ is the division of the peripheral nervous system that carries information from the senses of the central nervous system and from the central nervous system to the voluntary muscles of the body.
somatic nervous system
Ecstasy is classified as a
stimulatory hallucinogen
Freud used dreams as a way to to get to a patients'
unconscious conflicts stemming from childhood
Most young adults need ____ hours of sleep every 24-hours.
7-9
REM sleep is when _____ of dreams occur.
90%
_____ is characterized by delusions and paranoia.
Amphetamine psychosis
_____ suppress the sensation of pain by binding to and stimulating the nervous system's natural receptor sites for endorphins.
Narcotics
One of the most widely used stimulants is
caffeine
Journals in which research is viewed by other experts in the field are
called peer reviews
The main disadvantage in the case study method is that researchers
cannot really apply the results to other similar people
_____ involves mapping "slices" of the brain by computer, and it is the imaging method of choice when there is metal in the body.
computed tomography
Harboring a belief that all male motorcyclists wear beards, then only noticing motorcyclists with beards is an example of
confirmation bias
_____ is the insertion into the brain of an animal of a thin, insulated wire, through which an electrical current is sent that destroys the brain cells at the tip of the wire.
deep lesioning
Low levels of serotonin activity have been linked to
depression
The goals of psychology are
description, explanation, prediction, and control.
Driving and talking on the cell phone at the same time is an example of a state of
divided consciousness
Partial firing of a neuron _____ because of all-or-none thinking.
does not happen
Barbiturates used in combination with alcohol may cause a lethal
drug interaction
With _____, a person must use larger and larger doses of a drug to achieve the same initial effects.
drug tolerance
The process by which the structure of a neurotransmitter is altered so that it can no longer act on a receptor is
enzymatic degradation
Roger Sperry cut through the corpus callosom in an effort to cure
epilepsy
An _____ (research method) will allow researchers to determine the cause of behavior
experiment
The _____ is subjected to the independent variable, while the _____ may receive a placebo.
experimental group, control group
The _____ is when a person conducting an experiment influences the outcome of the test.
experimenter effect
The _____ lobes are responsible for higher mental processes such as decision making.
frontal
Sleep apnea can cause
heart problems
Melatonin and thyroxin are examples of
hormones
The sleep-wake cycle is controlled by the
hypothalamus
A _____ is a tentative explanation of a phenomenon based on observation.
hypothesis
The _____ is manipulated by the experimenter.
independent variable
Hispanic psychologist Jorge Sanchez is known for his research on
intelligence tests and their cultural biases
The _____ connect the afferent neurons to the efferent neurons.
interneurons
In studies which volunteers spend several days without access to information about day or night, their sleep-wake cycles
lengthened
Description involves _____ a person's behavior.
observing
In measuring the the effect of violent cartoons on childhood agression, researchers must identify the _____ of "aggressive behavior".
operational definition
Normal breathing is closely related to the functioning of the
parasympathetic division
The _____ allows the brian and spinal cord to communicate with the sensory systems.
peripheral nervous system
A _____ is someone who seeks wisdom and knowledge through thinking and discussion.
philosopher
By making a loud noise when "Little Albert" was presented with a rat, John Watson taught the baby to fear rats. This proved that
phobias could be learned through conditioning
According to researchers, men tend to have more _____ in their dreams than women.
physical aggression
"Magic mushrooms" contain
psilocybin
The _____ serves as a relay station for sensory information.
thalamus
Description as a goal of psychology involves
the circumstances
Prediction as a goal of psychology involves
the future
Control as a goal of psychology involves
the modification of behavior
The cortex is so wrinkled because
the wrinkles allow it to fit inside the skull
The spinal cord is divided into _____ areas.
two